A plant-based diet is feasible in patients with Crohn's disease.

Background: Incorporating plant-based diets as a supplement to medical treatment may have a beneficial impact on patients with Crohn's disease, however, research with intervention studies is required.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of a plant-based diet intervention. Secondly, the purpose was to investigate whether such diet may reduce disease activity and enhance quality of life.

Pulmonary rehabilitation: A cohort study assessing the effectiveness of a multi-professional nutrition intervention.

Background: Limited benefit of pulmonary exercise rehabilitation has been associated with fulfilment of energy and protein requirements.

Objectives: The aim was to enhance dietary intake towards requirements and to maintain changes after a pulmonary rehabilitation program.

Methods: This single arm intervention study included multidisciplinary focus on nutrition and three sessions of individual dietary counselling during a 10-week pulmonary exercise rehabilitation in five municipalities centers.

Implementation of nutritional care in hospitals: A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators using implementation theory.

Background: Disease-related malnutrition is prevalent among hospitalised patients, but not all patients achieve the needed nutritional care. At a Danish University Hospital, focus has been on implementing nutritional practices based on clinical guidelines, but there is continuously variation between the wards regarding the quality of nutritional care.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the potential barriers and facilitators for implementation of the clinical guidelines for nutritional practices and to recommend suggestions for development of nutritional practices, using a theoretical implementation strategy.

Measured versus estimated energy requirement in hospitalized patients.

Background & Aim: Failure to identify a patient's energy requirement has a variety of consequences both physiological and economical. Previous studies have shown that predictive formulas, including the Harris Benedict equation (HB), both over- and underestimates energy requirement in severely ill patients and healthy younger adults, compared to the golden standard, indirect calorimetry (IC). The comparison between measured and estimated energy requirements in hospitalized patients in regular wards is underreported.

Unintentional weight loss is reflected in worse one-year clinical outcomes among COPD outpatients.

Rationale: Unintentional weight loss (UWL) is prevalent among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little research has been done on UWL as an independent variable in terms of clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between BMI, UWL, and clinical outcome in terms of hospitalization, length of stay, exacerbations, mortality, and quality of life (QoL) within six months and one year in a hospital outpatient setting.

"More2Eat" in patients at nutritional risk during hospital stay lowers the risk of three-month mortality.

Background & Aims: Malnutrition is a common problem among hospitalized patients due to increased nutrient requirements and reduced food intake or uptake of nutrients. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the association of nutritional risk status (at or not at risk by NRS-2002) as well as energy and protein intake, use of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) and snack meals in at risk patients during hospitalization and adverse outcomes (length of stay (LOS), readmissions and mortality) at three-months follow-up.

Methods: Data were collected at baseline and at three-months follow-up in patients hospitalized at 31 units at a Danish University Hospital.

Are nutritional sufficiency of ≥75% energy and protein requirements relevant targets in patients at nutritional risk? - A one month follow-up study.

Background & Aim: Nutrient intake in patients at nutritional risk was recorded with the aim of reaching at least 75% of estimated requirements for energy and protein. However, the cutoff at 75% has only been sparsely investigated. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the 75% cutoff of estimated energy and protein requirements among patients at or not at nutritional risk in relation to 30-day mortality and readmissions.

A 1-year follow-up study in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis regarding adverse outcomes to unintended weight loss.

Objectives: Malnutrition in pulmonary fibrosis may influence clinical outcomes negatively. This project aimed to investigate if weight, unintended weight loss (UWL) at baseline and weight development, and signs of sarcopenia measured by the strength, assistance with the walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls questionnaire (SARC-F) are associated with hospital admissions and mortality for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis outpatients in ≤1 y as well as referral to pulmonary rehabilitation.

Methods: At baseline, prevalence of weight and UWL were sought in a cross-sectional questionnaire study, consecutively, including 100 patients in an outpatient clinic.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease outpatients bear risks of both unplanned weight loss and obesity.

Background & Aims: Malnutrition is commonly seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has been associated with negative outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine unintended weight loss (UWL) within three months, as a primary indicator for disease related malnutrition among COPD outpatients, to evaluate the prevalence of UWL, and to identify possible characteristics for UWL.

Methods: A cross-sectional study including a patient questionnaire and medical record data extraction was made with all patients visiting a Danish COPD outpatient clinic.

Malnutrition measured by unintended weight loss among patients in general practice.

Objective: Disease-related malnutrition should be managed before negative consequences occur. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of unintended weight loss and reduced food intake among patients ≥18 y of age attending a general practice.

Methods: All patients visiting five general practices in Denmark, for 4 d in each place, were invited to participate in this questionnaire-based cross-sectional study.

Healthcare professionals' experiences with practice for managing disease-related malnutrition in general practice and proposals for improvement: A qualitative study.

Background & Aim: Disease-related malnutrition is prevalent in all healthcare settings, including general practice, and is associated with negative consequences for the individual and the community. The aim of this study was to investigate general practitioners and general practice nurses' perceptions of how they manage disease-related malnutrition, and their view on introducing an early intervention against disease-related malnutrition.

Methods: Content analysis was used to analyse individual semi-structured interviews with the general practitioners (n = 9) and five focus group interviews with the general practice nurses (n = 21) from five general practices in Denmark.

Different GLIM criteria combinations change prevalence of malnutrition in patients with intestinal insufficiency or intestinal failure.

Background & Aim: Due to lack of global consensus in diagnosing malnutrition, Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has suggested the GLIM criteria based on etiological and phenotypical criteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with intestinal insufficiency (INS) or intestinal failure (IF) based on the different GLIM criteria combinations to diagnose malnutrition. Furthermore, the aim was to investigate the severity of malnutrition in the two patient groups.

Unintended weight loss in hematology outpatients - Work to do.

Background: Malnutrition frequently occurs in hematology diseases and may threaten the course of treatment and patient outcomes. While screening for nutritional risk is often done in hospitalized patients, it is rarely described in the outpatient setting. Hematology patients are often followed in outpatient settings before hospitalization and for a longer time after.

High risk of disease-related malnutrition in gastroenterology outpatients.

Objective: Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) in hospitalized patients is known to have significant negative impact on clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, DRM in gastroenterology outpatients is scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of unintentional weight loss (UWL) and reduced food intake (RFI) as contributors to the risk of DRM in outpatients.