Quantitative assessment of carotid ultrasound diameter measurements in the operating room: a comparable analysis of long-axis versus rotated and tilted orientation.

. Carotid ultrasound (US) has been studied as a non-invasive alternative for hemodynamic monitoring. A long-axis (LA) view is traditionally employed but is difficult to maintain and operator experience may impact the diameter estimates, making it unsuitable for monitoring.

Carotid Doppler ultrasound for non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring: a narrative review.

Accurate haemodynamic monitoring is the cornerstone in the management of critically ill patients. It guides the optimization of tissue and organ perfusion in order to prevent multiple organ failure. In the past decades, carotid Doppler ultrasound (CDU) has been explored as a non-invasive alternative for long-established invasive haemodynamic monitoring techniques.