A new method based on deep learning and image processing for detection of strabismus with the Hirschberg test.

Strabismus is a condition in which one or both eyes do not work in parallel or in harmony. People with strabismus have one eye looking straight ahead while the other eye looks inwards, outwards, upwards or downwards. This condition can affect both eyes.

Plasma and aqueous levels of subfatin, preptin and betatrophin in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Aim: To examine subfatin, preptin and betatrophin levels in plasma and aqueous in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) (with and without retinopathy).

Material And Method: Sixty patients, who were similar in terms of age and gender, and were scheduled for operation due to cataract, were included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups as Group C (20 weeks without diabetes and comorbidity), Group DM (20 patients with DM but no retinopathy) and Group DR (20 patients with diabetic retinopathy).

A rare cause of pediatric oculomotor nerve palsy: neurobrucellosis.

Neurobrucellosis is a significant complication of brucella, which is seen more rarely in children than in adults. As there are no specific symptoms, it may be confused with several diseases which involve the nervous system. Although various cranial nerves can be affected in neurobrucellosis, oculomotor nerve involvement is extremely rare.

Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Horizontal and Vertical Patch Division-Based Pre-Trained DenseNET with Digital Fundus Images.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes that can lead to progressive vision loss. Regular surveillance with fundal photography, early diagnosis, and prompt intervention are paramount to reducing the incidence of DR-induced vision loss. However, manual interpretation of fundal photographs is subject to human error.

Evaluation of central corneal epithelial thickness with anterior segment OCT in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the central corneal thickness (CCT) and central corneal epithelial thickness (CCET) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and the effect of the duration of diabetes, the degree of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and HbA1c level.

Methods: CCT and CCET values of 72 patients diagnosed with type 2 DM and 72 healthy individuals were measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography. The eye tear function was evaluated with the Tear Break-up Time test (TBUT) and the Schirmer test.

Interleukin 18, soluble cluster of differentiation 40, platelet factor 4 variant 1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin can be used as biomarkers to aid activity and diagnosis in ocular Behçet's disease.

Purpose: The molecules human interleukin (IL-18), the soluble cluster of differentiation (sCD40), platelet factor 4 variant 1 (PF4V1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are all markers of inflammation in biological systems and are linked to prognosis in several inflammatory diseases as well. Since there is no study in which the above-mentioned molecules are studied together in ocular Behçet's disease (OBD), the aim of this study is to reveal whether these molecules are activity markers in active (OABD) and inactive (OIBD) disease.

Methods: 30 OABD and 30 OIBD and 30 healthy individuals were included in the study.

Plasma and aqueous levels of alarin and adipsin ın patients with and without diabetic retinopathy.

Backround: Diabetic retinopathy is a disease seen with microvascular complications as a result of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Alarin and Adipsin are molecules with a role in energy and glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine plasma and aqueous levels of Alarin and Adipsin in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy to evaluate their potential roles in diabetic retinopathy.

Plasma and aqueous humor levels of adiponutrin and pannexin 1 in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy.

Aim: To evaluate plasma and aqueous levels of adiponutrin and pannexin 1 in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: The study included three age and gender-matched groups of 20 cataract patients with no diabetes or additional disease (Group C), 20 cataract patients with diabetes and no retinopathy (Group DM+C), and 20 cataract patients with diabetic retinopathy (Group DR+C). All the patients were examined with respect to body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid profile.

Effects of Topical Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors on the Olfactory Sense.

Objectives: The sense of smell plays an important role in daily life. Olfactory impairment can significantly affect an individual's quality of life. Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are commonly used to treat elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).

A Glossary for ''Pseudo'' Conditions in Ophthalmology.

The term "pseudo'' refers to ''lying, false, fake, simulation, imitation or spurious.'' In ophthalmological literature, there are many diseases/conditions/signs/phenomena that are considered as "pseudo." A literature search was conducted on the Medical Subject Headings website, and the keywords that were searched in the title and abstract were as follows: (pseudo-), (fake), (false), (mimicker), (simulator), (masquerade), AND (condition) AND(causes) AND (ophthalmology)OR (eye) OR (ocular) OR (ophthalmic) OR (cornea) OR (retina) OR (strabismus) OR (glaucoma).

Serum Cystatin C Concentrations in Patients with Graves' Ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the concentration of serum cystatin C (CysC) in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) and the usability of the serum CysC concentrations in the follow-up of the disease.

Methods: Thirty patients with GO and 30 healthy age-matched volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study. GO was diagnosed based on the European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy consensus.

Iodine-Induced Retinopathy: A Case Report.

Potassium iodide is used as an iodine supplement in salt as part of a national program in Turkey. An overdose of iodine has a toxic effect on the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. The case presented here is a patient who developed retinopathy following consumption of an excessive dose of iodine.

Importance of Müller Cells.

Müller cells (MCs) are the most common glial cell found in the human retina. MCs have an important role in architectural and metabolic functions in the retina. Additionally, there has been consideration that MC dysfunction might contribute to the pathogenesis of some retinal diseases, such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, retinal vein occlusion, macular telangiectasia type 2, age-related macular degeneration, retinal degeneration, hepatic and methanol-induced retinopathy, and glaucoma.

Pediatric Canaliculitis: A Case Report.

Canaliculitis is a rare disease that relapses when not properly diagnosed and treated. It usually occurs in middle-age and advanced age. It is extremely rare in children and infants.

The effect on wound healing of pazopanib and bevacizumab compared with corticosteroid in experimental glaucoma filtration surgery.

Aim: To compare the effects of bevacizumab and pazopanib with corticosteroids on wound healing after trabeculectomy.

Methods: In the study, 35 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into five groups. Apart from the first group, limbus-based trabeculectomy was performed for the eyes of rabbits.