Biological and Methodological Variability in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer OCT: The Framingham Heart Study.

Objective: To explore participant-level biological attributes and scan-level methodological attributes associated with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness variability in a population-based sample of elderly United States adults.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis using data from the Framingham Heart Study.

Participants: One thousand three hundred forty-seven eyes from 825 participants with ≥1 OCT scan and axial length data were included.

Occult Uveitis-Glaucoma-Hyphema Syndrome Caused by PCIOL with Peripheral Capsular Tear.

Introduction: Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome is an infrequent but severe complication following intraocular lens implantation, characterized by anterior chamber inflammation and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). This report presents a rare case of late-onset UGH syndrome induced by a well-positioned 1-piece posterior capsular intraocular lens (PCIOL) with a bulb of the haptics extruding through a peripheral capsular tear in a 90-year-old female, 17 years post-cataract surgery.

Case Presentation: The patient presented with persistent blurred vision, recurrent anterior uveitis, and uncontrolled IOP despite medical therapy.

Old age or cognitive decline? Examining the usability of a mobile health app for older Australians.

There is a growing literature on the role of mobile health applications (mHealth apps) in supporting older adults and the self-management of personal health. The purpose of this pilot study is to assess the usability of a government-funded mobile health app amongst older Australians and to evaluate whether cognitive function and demographic characteristics (i.e.

How much does cataract surgery contribute to intraocular pressure lowering?

Purpose Of Review: To review the literature evaluating the effect of cataract surgery on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma.

Recent Findings: Recent high-quality secondary analyses of large and primary trials continue to show IOP lowering following cataract surgery. Likewise, cataract surgery remains a key treatment for angle closure glaucoma.

Early Endophthalmitis Incidence and Risk Factors after Glaucoma Surgery in the Medicare Population from 2016 to 2019.

Purpose: To determine early endophthalmitis incidence and risk factors after glaucoma surgeries in the Medicare population.

Design: Retrospective, longitudinal study.

Participants: Medicare Fee-for-Service (FFS) and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries in the United States aged 65 years or older undergoing glaucoma surgery.

Experience of loneliness on well-being among young individuals: A systematic scoping review.

A systematic scoping review was conducted to explore the current evidence on the experience of loneliness influencing well-being among youths. The electronic databases Scopus, APA PsycINFO, Emerald Insight and One Search were used to identify relevant studies, followed by an analysis of the text words contained in the title and abstract, and of the index terms used to describe the article. Reference lists of all shortlisted articles were searched for additional studies.

Modulation of narrow-field amacrine cells on light-evoked spike responses and receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells.

By using multi-electrode array (MEA) recording technique in conjunction with white-noise checkerboard stimuli and reverse correlation methods, we studied modulatory actions of glycinergic narrow-field amacrine cells (NFACs) on spatiotemporal profiles of five functional groups of ganglion cells (GCs) in dark-adapted mouse retinas. We found that application of 2 µM strychnine significantly altered light-evoked spike rates of three groups of GCs. It also decreased receptive field center radii of all five groups of GC by a mean value of 11%, and shifted the GC receptive field (RF) centers of all GCs and the mean shift distances for the sustained GCs are significantly longer than the transient GCs.

A deep learning model incorporating spatial and temporal information successfully detects visual field worsening using a consensus based approach.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, and its worsening is most often monitored with visual field (VF) testing. Deep learning models (DLM) may help identify VF worsening consistently and reproducibly. In this study, we developed and investigated the performance of a DLM on a large population of glaucoma patients.

Increased Reliability of Visually-Evoked Activity in Area V1 of the MECP2-Duplication Mouse Model of Autism.

Atypical sensory processing is now thought to be a core feature of the autism spectrum. Influential theories have proposed that both increased and decreased neural response reliability within sensory systems could underlie altered sensory processing in autism. Here, we report evidence for abnormally increased reliability of visual-evoked responses in layer 2/3 neurons of adult male and female primary visual cortex in the MECP2-duplication syndrome animal model of autism.

The 100 Most Mentioned Glaucoma Articles Online With Highest Altmetric Attention Scores.

Prcis: Characteristics of the most mentioned glaucoma articles on the internet were analyzed, allowing a better understanding of the dissemination of glaucoma research to the general public.

Purpose: The aim was to determine the 100 most mentioned articles on the internet in the field of glaucoma and analyze their characteristics.

Materials And Methods: We identified the top 100 glaucoma articles with the highest Altmetric Attention Score (AAS), an automatically calculated metric for monitoring social media.

Intraocular Pressure Elevation Compromises Retinal Ganglion Cell Light Adaptation.

Purpose: Functional adaptation to ambient light is a key characteristic of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), but little is known about how adaptation is affected by factors that are harmful to RGC health. We explored adaptation-induced changes to RGC physiology when exposed to increased intraocular pressure (IOP), a major risk factor for glaucoma.

Methods: Wild-type mice of both sexes were subjected to 2 weeks of IOP elevation using the bead model.

Genetic dissection of rod and cone pathways mediating light responses and receptive fields of ganglion cells in the mouse retina.

Retinal ganglion cells (GCs) are important visual neurons which carry complex spatiotemporal information from the retina to higher visual centers in the brain. By taking advantage of pathway-specific knockout/mutant mice and multi-electrode array (MEA) recording techniques, we analyze contributions of rod and cone pathways to responsiveness, kinetics and receptive field profiles of GCs under scotopic and photopic conditions. Our data suggest: (1) Scotopic responses of some GCs require all three rod pathways, some require only the secondary and tertiary rod pathways, and others require only the tertiary rod pathway.

Mild Intraocular Pressure Elevation in Mice Reveals Distinct Retinal Ganglion Cell Functional Thresholds and Pressure-Dependent Properties.

Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) causes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction and death and is a major risk factor for glaucoma. We used a bead injection technique to increase IOP in mice of both genders by an average of ∼3 mmHg for 2 weeks. This level of IOP elevation was lower than that achieved in other studies, which allowed for the study of subtle IOP effects.

Nance-Horan Syndrome: A Rare Case Report.

Dentofacial anomalies may guide us to the diagnosis of many congenital and hereditary syndromes. A 9-year-old boy was diagnosed with Nance-Horan syndrome. This syndrome is an extremely rare X-linked genetic disorder which is entirely expressed in males with semi-dominant transmission which results from mutations occurring in male gametes.

Elevated IOP alters the space-time profiles in the center and surround of both ON and OFF RGCs in mouse.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, and is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. An experimental model of glaucoma has been established by elevating the intraocular pressure (IOP) via microbead occlusion of ocular fluid outflow in mice. Studies in this model have found visual dysfunction that varied with adaptational state, occurred before anatomical changes, and affected OFF RGCs more than ON RGCs.

Distinct subcomponents of mouse retinal ganglion cell receptive fields are differentially altered by light adaptation.

The remarkable dynamic range of vision is facilitated by adaptation of retinal sensitivity to ambient lighting conditions. An important mechanism of sensitivity adaptation is control of the spatial and temporal window over which light is integrated. The retina accomplishes this by switching between parallel synaptic pathways with differing kinetics and degrees of synaptic convergence.

The ON Crossover Circuitry Shapes Spatiotemporal Profile in the Center and Surround of Mouse OFF Retinal Ganglion Cells.

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are often grouped based on their functional properties. Many of these functional properties, such as receptive field (RF) size, are driven by specific retinal circuits. In this report, we determined the role of the ON bipolar cell (BC) mediated crossover circuitry in shaping the center and surround of OFF RGCs.

Space-time codependence of retinal ganglion cells can be explained by novel and separable components of their receptive fields.

Reverse correlation methods such as spike-triggered averaging consistently identify the spatial center in the linear receptive fields (RFs) of retinal ganglion cells (GCs). However, the spatial antagonistic surround observed in classical experiments has proven more elusive. Tests for the antagonistic surround have heretofore relied on models that make questionable simplifying assumptions such as space-time separability and radial homogeneity/symmetry.

How to assess a new patient for a multidisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation program: a review article.

Background: Chronic pain is a debilitating condition that affects people all over the world. To effectively treat chronic pain patients, assignment to patient-centered functional restoration and psychological pain rehabilitation programs at an early stage is essential.

Methods: This article describes the initial patient screening and evaluation process for an interdisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation program and highlights the relevant points that should be covered in each section of the initial assessment.

Clinical manifestation of Hurler syndrome in a 7 year old child.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I H, Hurler syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn deficiency in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate, resulting from deficiency of Alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme. This condition is characterized by accumulation of incompletely degraded glycosaminoglycans into various organs of body, which leads to impairment of organs and body functions. Such children appear nearly normal at birth; however, if left untreated, show a progressive mental and physical deterioration leading to death due to cardiorespiratory failure before the second decade of life.

Deficit in switching between functional brain networks underlies the impact of multitasking on working memory in older adults.

Multitasking negatively influences the retention of information over brief periods of time. This impact of interference on working memory is exacerbated with normal aging. We used functional MRI to investigate the neural basis by which an interruption is more disruptive to working memory performance in older individuals.