Treatment of BK virus-associated nephropathy with CMX001 after kidney transplantation in a young child.

NC, with renal failure secondary to bilateral dysplastic kidneys, received an LRD renal transplant (tx) at 17 months of age. Her early post-tx course was complicated by persistently elevated blood polyoma BK virus DNA loads. A protocol biopsy at six months post-transplant revealed BKVAN.

Highlights for management of a child with a urinary tract infection.

Urinary tract infections remain the most common bacterial infection in childhood. Escherichia coli is responsible for over 80% of Pediatric UTIs. Other common gram negative organisms include Kleibsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter and occasionally Pseudomonas.

Prenatal programming of hypertension in the rat: effect of postnatal rearing.

Background/aims: Dietary protein deprivation during pregnancy causes hypertension in offspring when they become adults. This study examined if postnatal rearing had an effect on blood pressure and glomerular number in male rats whose mothers were fed either a control diet or a low protein diet.

Methods: Neonates were cross fostered at 1 day of age to a different mother.

Evidence that prenatal programming of hypertension by dietary protein deprivation is mediated by fetal glucocorticoid exposure.

Background: Prenatal programming by maternal dietary protein deprivation and prenatal dexamethasone result in a reduction in nephron number and hypertension when the offspring are studied as adults.

Methods: To determine whether prenatal dietary protein deprivation results in a reduction in nephron number and hypertension in offspring by exposure to maternal glucocorticoids, we administered metyrapone to rats fed either a 6% or 20% protein diet to inhibit glucocorticoid production and compared the offspring to rats that were the product of mothers fed either a 6% or 20% protein diet during the last half of pregnancy.

Results: Male offspring from the 6% group had elevated systolic blood pressure (149 ± 2 vs.

Effect of prenatal dexamethasone on postnatal serum and urinary angiotensin II levels.

Background: Prenatal programming of hypertension has been described in humans and in animal models that receive a prenatal insult, but the mechanism for the increase in blood pressure remains elusive.

Methods: In male rats whose mothers received dexamethasone between days 15 and 18 of gestation systemic and urinary levels of angiotensin II were measured to determine whether angiotensin II was a potential factor for the generation (4 weeks of age) or maintenance (8 weeks of age) of hypertension.

Results: A group 4- and 8-week-old male rats that were the product of a pregnancy where the mother received prenatal dexamethasone between days 15 and 18 of gestation had comparable plasma renin and angiotensin II levels to the offspring of vehicle-treated controls.

Prenatal programming of rat thick ascending limb chloride transport by low-protein diet and dexamethasone.

Prenatal administration of dexamethasone and a low-protein diet has been shown to result in hypertension in the offspring when they are adults. The cause for the hypertension is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there was prenatal programming of thick ascending limb transport.