The clinical landscape of antibody-drug conjugates in endometrial cancer.

Clinical outcomes remain challenging in advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer due to tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. Antibody-drug conjugates are a novel class of cancer therapeutics, representing a promising treatment option for endometrial cancer. Antibody-drug conjugates consist of a high-affinity antibody linked to a cytotoxic payload through a stable linker.

Phase I Study of Rucaparib in Combination with Bevacizumab in Ovarian Cancer Patients: Maximum Tolerated Dose and Pharmacokinetic Profile.

Background: Targeted agents, such as antiangiogenic drugs (e.g., bevacizumab) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (e.

Carboplatin-paclitaxel compared to Carboplatin-Paclitaxel-Bevacizumab in advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer: MITO END-2 - A randomized phase II trial.

Objective: Increased Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGF) expression in endometrial cancer (EC) is associated with a poor prognosis. Preliminary clinical data reported Bevacizumab effectiveness in EC both as single agent and in combination with chemotherapy.

Methods: In a phase II trial, patients with advanced (FIGO stage III-IV) or recurrent EC were randomized to receive Carboplatin-Paclitaxel standard dose for 6-8 cycles vs Carboplatin-Paclitaxel and Bevacizumab 15 mg/kg in combination with chemotherapy and maintenance until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Advances in laparoscopic surgery for cervical cancer.

In the recent years, minimally invasive surgery has emerged as the gold standard for the treatment of both benign and malignant gynecological conditions. Growing evidence suggest that laparoscopic and robotic-assisted treatments allow to archived the same long-term outcomes than conventional open abdominal treatments, minimizing peri-operative morbidity. In the present review we analyzed the advances in the treatment of cervical cancer patients, reporting the advances in both the evolution of concept of radical hysterectomy and of the adoption of minimally invasive surgery.

RECIST 1.1 criteria predict recurrence-free survival in advanced ovarian cancer submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus interval debulking surgery is growing treatment strategy for advanced ovarian cancer patients with unresectable disease. Here, we aimed to assess predictors of surgical unresectability and survival of patients submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus interval debulking surgery.

Methods: Data of consecutive 193 patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus interval debulking surgery were retrospectively evaluated in four Italian oncologic centers.

Treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: a reappraisal and critical analysis.

The vast majority of ovarian cancer relapses on front-line therapy and the optimal treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer remains controversial. This review is based on the relevant published literature indexed in PubMed on pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), either alone or in combination with other drugs, as one option in relapsed disease. PLD showed an improved pharmacokinetic profile, with a slower plasma clearance and a longer circulation time, compared to other conventional doxorubicin formulations.

Capecitabine in patients with platinum-pretreated advanced or recurrent cervical carcinoma: a retrospective study.

Background: Cervical cancer is a common malignancy among women and, when recurring, presents a dismal prognosis. After platinum failure, second-line treatments report response rates ranging from 3-15%, a median progression-free survival of about 3 months and a median overall survival of about 5.5 months.

Surgical Efforts Might Mitigate Difference in Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage IIIC-IV Unresectable Ovarian Cancer: A Case-Control Multi-institutional Study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate outcomes of patients with unresectable advanced ovarian cancer experiencing complete response (CR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods: Data of consecutive patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus interval debulking surgery (IDS) were retrospectively reviewed in 4 Italian centers. Using a propensity-matching algorithm, we compared data of patients achieving CR with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (no macroscopic either microscopic residual disease (RD) at the time of IDS) with patients achieving partial response (PR).

Treatment of the Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome with autologous in vitro cultured vaginal tissue: descriptive study of long-term results and patient outcomes.

Objective: Evaluating sexual function and quality of life (QoL) in patients treated with a modified Abbé-McIndoe technique using in vitro cultured autologous vaginal mucosa.

Design: Descriptive study.

Setting: Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome.

The addition of lymphadenectomy to secondary cytoreductive surgery in comparison with bulky node resection in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the role of full lymphadenectomy in patients with isolated nodal recurrence of ovarian cancer.

Methods: In a retrospective study, the data of women undergoing secondary cytoreduction at the National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy, between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2015, were collected and patients with isolated nodal recurrence were identified. Factors predicting for disease-free interval (DFI) and overall survival were estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis.

Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: Is a Trimodality Treatment a Safe and Effective Approach?

Background: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard of care for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Pre-treatment lymph nodes (LN) assessment may have an important therapeutic role. CRT followed by adjuvant chemotherapy increased progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Spotlight on olaparib in the treatment of BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer: design, development and place in therapy.

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer among women worldwide and the first cause of death among gynecological malignancies. Most of the patients present recurrent disease and unfortunately cannot be cured. The unsatisfactory results obtained with salvage chemotherapy have elicited investigators to search for novel biological agents capable of achieving a better control of the disease.

LASER treatment for women with high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: A propensity-matched analysis on the efficacy of ablative versus excisional procedures.

Objective: To investigate the long-term effectiveness of LASER treatment in women affected by high-grade vaginal intra-epithelial neoplasia.

Methods: Data of consecutive women treated for high-grade vaginal intra-epithelial neoplasia were retrieved. Efficacy and long-term effectiveness of ablative and excisional procedures were tested using a propensity-matched algorithm.

Rucaparib: a new treatment option for ovarian cancer.

Approximately 50% of high-grade serous ovarian cancers present a deficiency in the pathways involved in homologous recombination (HR). PARP inhibitors prevent single-strand DNA damage repair and determine a progression of the defect towards double-strand breaks, which results in a process known as 'synthetic lethality'. Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss the efficacy and toxicity of rucaparib either as a single agent or as a maintenance treatment for ovarian cancer.

A score system for complete cytoreduction in selected recurrent ovarian cancer patients undergoing secondary cytoreductive surgery: predictors- and nomogram-based analyses.

Objective: To test the applicability of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO) and Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) criteria in predicting complete cytoreduction (CC) in patients undergoing secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS) for recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC).

Methods: Data of consecutive patients undergoing SCS were reviewed. The Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie OVARian cancer study group (AGO-OVAR) and MSK criteria were retrospectively applied.

The role of human papillomavirus vaccines in cervical cancer: Prevention and treatment.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease, worldwide. Primary prevention thorough vaccination si able to reduce the burden of HPV-related lesions. Ten years ago the Food and drug Administration (FDA) approved the first vaccine against HPV.

Predicting Factors for High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia in Women With Low-Grade Cervical Cytology and Nonvisible Squamocolumnar Junction.

Objective: To assess the risk of developing high-grade cervical dysplasia among women with low-grade cervical cytology and nonvisible squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) at colposcopic examination.

Methods: Data of consecutive women with low-grade intraepithelial lesion(≤LSIL) undergoing colposcopic examination, which was unsatisfactory (due to the lack of the visualization of the entire SCJ), were retrospectively reviewed. The risk of developing high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox models.

Nerve-Sparing Approach Improves Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Radical Hysterectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Few studies have investigated the efficacy and safety of the nerve-sparing approach via minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of cervical cancer. We aimed to review the current evidence comparing nerve-sparing minimally invasive radical hysterectomy (NS-MRH) with conventional minimally invasive radical hysterectomy (MRH). This systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD#57655).

[Il ruolo di niraparib nel trattamento del carcinoma ovarico: attualità e prospettive.].

Riassunto. I PARP inibitori interferiscono con la riparazione del danno nella singola elica del DNA determinando una progressione del difetto nella doppia elica. In circa il 50% delle pazienti con carcinoma dell'ovaio sieroso di alto grado sono presenti difetti nei meccanismi di ricombinazione omologa, deputati alla riparazione del danno della doppia elica del DNA.

Minimally Invasive Surgical Staging in Early-stage Ovarian Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Few studies investigated the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (eEOC). In this context, we aimed to review the current evidence comparing laparoscopy and the laparotomic approach for staging procedures in eEOC. This systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.

The association of pre-treatment HPV subtypes with recurrence of VIN.

Objective: To assess whether pre-treatment HPV types are associated with recurrence of high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN2+).

Study Design: Data of consecutive patients with pretreatment HPV DNA test undergoing treatment for VIN2+ were retrospectively collected. Risk factors promoting the risk of VIN2+ persistence and recurrence were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox hazard proportional models.

Impact of Blood Transfusions on Survival of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Radical Surgery.

Objective: Transfusions represent one of the main progresses of modern medicine. However, accumulating evidence supports that transfusions correlate with worse survival outcomes in patients affected by solid cancers. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of perioperative blood transfusion in locally advanced cervical cancer.