Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis of the Upper Extremity in Pediatric Patients.

Purpose Of Review: For pediatric osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, 10-24% of cases occur in the upper extremity (UE). Due to delays in presentation and diagnosis, UE infections are often more complex and severe than infections of the lower extremity (LE). This review evaluates the literature from the past 6 years related to pediatric osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the UE and provides a guide for professionals managing these conditions in children.

Understanding the Burden of Pediatric Traumatic Injury in Uganda: A Multicenter, Prospective Study.

Introduction: Traumatic injury is responsible for eight million childhood deaths annually. In Uganda, there is a paucity of comprehensive data describing the burden of pediatric trauma, which is essential for resource allocation and surgical workforce planning. This study aimed to ascertain the burden of non-adolescent pediatric trauma across four Ugandan hospitals.

Nonoperative Versus Operative Treatment of Z-Type Comminuted Clavicle Fractures in Adolescents: A Prospective Substratified Cohort Analysis.

Objectives: To compare the clinical, radiographic, and patient-reported outcomes of nonoperative and operative treatment of adolescents with comminuted "Z-type" midshaft clavicle fractures.

Design: Prospective observational cohort.

Setting: Eight tertiary care pediatric centers.

Changes in Fracture Shortening Occur in the First 2 Weeks Following Completely Displaced Adolescent Clavicle Fractures.

Background: Shortening of midshaft clavicle fractures has been described as a critical fracture characteristic to guide treatment. The degree to which shortening may change in the initial weeks following injury has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in shortening of adolescent clavicle fractures in the first 2 weeks following injury.

Microbial synergies drive simultaneous biodegradation of ethoxy and alkyl chains of Nonylphenol Ethoxylate in fluidized bed reactors.

The widely-used surfactant Nonylphenol Ethoxylate (NPEO) produces endocrine-disrupting compounds during biodegradation, with these byproducts being more harmful than untreated NPEO. This study investigates the effectiveness of a Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR) in reducing the production of 4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) during the biodegradation of NPEO. Two identical FBR filled with sand were used to assess the NPEO degradation and to enhance the microbial consortia capable of breaking down the complex byproducts, ethanol and fumarate were introduced as co-substrates.

5-Year Radiographic and Functional Outcomes of Nonoperative Treatment of Completely Displaced Midshaft Clavicular Fractures in Teenagers.

Background: Optimal treatment of completely displaced midshaft clavicular fractures in adolescents remains controversial, with some favoring surgical management and others favoring a nonoperative approach. Few studies have comprehensively assessed longer-term nonoperative outcomes.

Purpose: To prospectively assess patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and radiographic remodeling ≥5 years after injury in teenagers undergoing nonoperative treatment of completely displaced clavicular fractures.

Surgical Debridement for Acute and Chronic Osteomyelitis in Children.

Background: Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone that commonly occurs in pediatric populations. First-line treatment most often involves a course of antibiotics. In recent studies, surgical debridement, in addition to antibiotics, has been shown to provide positive clinical and functional outcomes in children.

Treatment of Severely Shortened or Comminuted Clavicular Fractures in Older Adolescent Athletes.

Background: Recent evidence suggests that for completely displaced midshaft clavicular fractures, surgery offers no clear benefit over nonoperative treatment in a general adolescent population from 10 to 18 years of age. However, the comparative outcomes of comminuted and/or severely shortened clavicular fractures specifically in older adolescent athletes have not been explored in a focused, methodologically rigorous fashion.

Hypothesis: The study hypothesis was that outcomes would be superior in older adolescent athletes who underwent operative treatment compared with nonoperative treatment for comminuted and/or severely shortened clavicular fractures.

Bio-CH yield of swine manure and food waste optimized by co-substrate proportions diluted in domestic sewage and pH interactions using the response surface approach.

This research aimed at evaluating optimal conditions to obtain value-added metabolites, such as bio-CH, by co-digesting swine manure and food waste diluted in domestic sewage. The assays were carried out in batches using the statistical methods of Rotational Central Composite Design (RCCD) and Surface Response to evaluate the ranges of food waste (1.30-9.

A molecular dynamics study of cell-penetrating peptide transportan-10 (TP10): Binding, folding and insertion to transmembrane state in zwitterionic membrane.

Transportan 10 (TP10) is a 21-residue, cationic, α-helical cell-penetrating peptide that can be used as a delivery vector for various bioactive molecules. Based on recent confocal microscopy studies, it is believed that TP10 can translocate across neutral lipid membrane passively, possibly as a monomer, without the formation of permanent pore. Here, we performed extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of TP10W (Y3W variant of TP10) to find the microscopic details of binding, folding and insertion of TP10W to transmembrane state in POPC bilayer.

Rate of Refracture After Removal of Hardware in Pediatric Femur Fractures.

Purpose: Both flexible intramedullary nails (FINs) and plate osteosynthesis are commonly used for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in pediatric patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the refracture rate after hardware removal in pediatric femur fractures.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that utilized the Pediatric Health Information System database to determine the number of pediatric patients ages 4 to 10 who underwent surgical fixation of a femur fracture and subsequent hardware removal between the years 2015 and 2019.

Bony Remodeling of Adolescent Displaced Clavicle Fractures: A FACTS Study.

Background: Bony remodeling of displaced clavicle fractures in adolescents remains poorly understood.

Purpose: To evaluate and quantify clavicle remodeling in a large population of adolescents with completely displaced fractures, which were treated nonoperatively, to better understand the factors that may influence this process.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

New Injury Patterns in Pediatric Supracondylar Fractures During COVID-19: Beds Are the New Monkey Bars.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic drastically altered children's activity patterns. Our goal was to investigate how COVID-19 affected demographics, injury characteristics, treatment patterns, follow-up, and outcomes in pediatric supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures.

Methods: This was an Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective analysis of patients undergoing surgery for a SCH fracture from May to November 2019 (pre-COVID-19) and from May to November 2020 (during COVID-19) at 2 tertiary children's hospitals.

Broken into pieces: The challenges of determining sulfonated azo dyes in biological reactor effluents using LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis.

Most studies on the biodegradation of textile azo dyes use color as parameter for measuring the efficiency of degradation. Although widely employed, spectrophotometric methods are susceptible to the interference of metabolites or degradation products from the biological treatment. We propose a method for determination of a model sulfonated azo dye (Direct Black 22, DB22) in wastewater using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS).

Epidemiology and treatment outcomes in pediatric patients with post-injection paralysis.

Background: Post-injection paralysis (PIP) of the sciatic nerve is an iatrogenic paralysis that occurs after an intramuscular injection, with resultant foot deformity and disability. This study investigates the epidemiology and treatment of PIP in Uganda.

Methods: Health records of pediatric patients surgically treated for PIP at the CoRSU Rehabilitation Hospital from 2013 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.

Assessing the Antimicrobial Properties of Copper-Iodide Doped Adhesives in an Caries Model: A Pilot Study.

Context: Recurrent caries are the leading cause of composite resin failure.

Aims: The purpose of this pilot study was to test the efficacy of a novel copper iodide (CuI) containing dental adhesive in an caries model.

Subjects And Methods: and were grown individually on the complex medium for 48 h at 37°C.

Implicit Racial Bias in Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery.

Introduction: Racial and ethnic minority patients continue to experience disparities in health care. It is important to understand provider-level factors that may contribute to these inequities. This study aims to evaluate the presence of implicit racial bias among pediatric orthopaedic surgeons and determine the relationship between bias and clinical decision making.

Dental Pulp Cell Conditioning through Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid Activation of Toll-like Receptor 3 for Amplification of Trophic Factors.

Introduction: Regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex hinges on functionally diverse growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, signaling molecules, and other secreted factors collectively referred to as trophic factors. The delivery of exogenous factors and the induced release of endogenous dentin-bound factors by conditioning agents have been explored toward these goals. The aim of this study was to investigate a promising regeneration strategy based on the conditioning of dental pulp cells (DPCs) with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) for the amplification of endogenous trophic factors.

Mechanical characterization and adhesive properties of a dental adhesive modified with a polymer antibiotic conjugate.

This study is a follow up investigation on recent work by our group demonstrating synthesis, release and strong antibacterial character of resins modified with penicillin V (PV)-based polymer-antibiotic conjugates (PACs). Here, we aimed to evaluate the mechanical, bonding, and other relevant biomedical properties of a commercial adhesive resin modified with PV-PAC. Single Bond Plus (SB+) was modified with PAC containing 1.

Depression and Anxiety in Mothers Who Were Pregnant During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: The Role of Pandemic-Related Emotional Stress and Perceived Social Support.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a collective trauma that is threatening citizens' mental health resulting in increased emotional stress, reduced social support, and heightened risk for affective symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of antenatal pandemic-related emotional stress and perceived social support on the symptoms of depression and anxiety of mothers who were pregnant during the initial COVID-19 outbreak in northern Italy. A sample of 281 mothers was enrolled at eight maternity units in the first hotspot region of the COVID-19 outbreak in northern Italy.

An Analysis of Online Ratings of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeons.

Background: Patients continue to utilize physician review websites (PRWs) to assist in their selection of a health care provider. Studies on PRWs and how they affect patient care have recently become popular in the literature. This study analyzes PRW ratings of a previously unexamined subspecialty, pediatric orthopaedic surgeons.

The Prevalence of Bullying Among Pediatric Orthopaedic Patients.

Background: Bullying is destructive and pervasive. Although the literature suggests children with chronic health conditions are at higher risk of being bullied, there is minimal research regarding the prevalence of bullying among children with orthopaedic conditions. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of bullying among pediatric orthopaedic outpatients and evaluate the association of orthopaedic conditions and use of orthopaedic devices with perceptions of bullying.