Modified Surface Relief Layer Created by Holographic Lithography: Application to Selective Sodium and Potassium Sensing.

Point-of-care diagnostics will rely upon the development of low-cost, noncomplex, and easily integrated systems in order to examine biological samples such as blood and urine obtained from the patient. The development of metal ion sensors is a subject of significant relevance for physiological samples. The level of different blood electrolytes, mainly H⁺, Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl is considerably used to monitor irregular physiologies.

Self-processing photopolymer materials for versatile design and fabrication of holographic sensors and interactive holograms.

The aim of this paper is to discuss the benefits as well as the limitations of utilizing photopolymer materials in the design of holograms that are responsive to changes in their environment, such as changes in the concentration of a specific substance, temperature, and pressure. Three different case studies are presented, including both surface and volume phase holograms, in order to demonstrate the flexibility in the approach of utilizing holographic photopolymers for the design of sensors and interactive optical devices. First, a functionalized surface relief hologram is demonstrated to operate as an optical sensor for the detection of metal ions in water.