Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Bacterial Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Madrid (Spain).

This study conducted in Madrid (Spain) between 2018 and 2023 shows a significant decrease in the pediatric bacterial community-acquired pneumonia cases during the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a notable postpandemic increase surpassing prepandemic incidence. Streptococcus pneumoniae remains predominant, with an increasing prevalence of serotype 3, while Streptococcus pyogenes was the second most common pathogen.

Consensus document of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases (SEIP) and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Intensive Care (SECIP) for the diagnosis and treatment of central venous catheter-related infections in paediatric care.

Intravascular devices are essential for the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to multiple diseases in paediatrics, and central venous catheters (CVCs) are especially important. One of the most frequent complications is the infection of these devices, which is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. These infections are highly complex, requiring the use of substantial resources, both for their diagnosis and treatment, and affect vulnerable paediatric patients admitted to high-complexity units more frequently.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTION BY GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS IN CHILDREN IN SPAIN (2019-2023).

Central nervous system infections in children caused by group A Streptococcus are rare. This study, conducted across 52 hospitals in Spain from 2019 to 2023, identified 32 cases of central nervous system infections in children caused by group A Streptococcus, with a significant increase from October 2022 onward (1.1% vs.

T-Cell Immune Responses in Newborns and Long-Term Sequelae in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection (CYTRIC Study).

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the role of T-lymphocyte immune responses in newborns with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (cCMV) and their potential association with the development of long-term sequelae.

Study Design: A multicenter, prospective study from 2017 to 2022 was conducted across 8 hospitals in Spain. Blood samples were collected within the first month of life from neonates diagnosed with cCMV.

QuantiFERON-TB reversion in children and adolescents with tuberculosis.

We analyzed 136 children with tuberculosis disease or infection and a positive QuantiFERON-TB (QFT) assay, followed-up for a median of 21 months (0.4-11years). QFT reversed in 16.

Clinical, microbiological, and molecular characterization of pediatric invasive infections by in Spain in a context of global outbreak.

Unlabelled: In December 2022, an alert was published in the UK and other European countries reporting an unusual increase in the incidence of infections. Our aim was to describe the clinical, microbiological, and molecular characteristics of group A invasive infections (iGAS) in children prospectively recruited in Spain (September 2022-March 2023), and compare invasive strains with strains causing mild infections. One hundred thirty isolates of causing infection (102 iGAS and 28 mild infections) were included in the microbiological study: typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and sequencing for core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), resistome, and virulome analysis.

Executive summary: Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis in adults and children, developed by the GEIO (SEIMC), SEIP and SECOT.

Infection of a native joint, commonly referred to as septic arthritis, is a medical emergency because of the risk of joint destruction and subsequent sequelae. Its diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion. These guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis in children and adults are intended for use by any physician caring for patients with suspected or confirmed septic arthritis.

Mediastinitis secondary to invasive infection by group A Streptococcus in Spain.

This study describes 5 mediastinitis cases secondary to invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) disease in a recent outbreak in Spain. Among 398 iGAS cases between January 2019-March 2023, 5 (1.3%) were mediastinitis, 4 occurring in December 2022, all secondary to pneumonia or deep neck infection.

Antibiotic resistance in bloodstream isolates from high-complexity paediatric units in Madrid, Spain: 2013-2021.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a significant challenge in high-complexity healthcare settings.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of AMR in bloodstream isolates from high-complexity paediatric units in Spain over a nine-year period.

Methods: A retrospective observational multicentre study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals, analysing bloodstream isolates from patients aged <18 years admitted to the paediatric intensive care, neonatology, and oncology-haematology units between 2013 and 2021.

Guideline for management of septic arthritis in native joints (SANJO).

This clinical guideline is intended for use by orthopedic surgeons and physicians who care for patients with possible or documented septic arthritis of a native joint (SANJO). It includes evidence and opinion-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with SANJO.

The role of the T-cell mediated immune response to Cytomegalovirus infection in intrauterine transmission.

Introduction: Prognostic markers for fetal transmission of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy are poorly understood. Maternal CMV-specific T-cell responses may help prevent fetal transmission and thus, we set out to assess whether this may be the case in pregnant women who develop a primary CMV infection.

Methods: A multicenter prospective study was carried out at 8 hospitals in Spain, from January 2017 to April 2020.

Clinical Phenotype of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis before and during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Objective: The main objective of this report was to comprehensively analyze the clinical characteristics of children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in 2021 during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to compare them with those in the five previous RSV seasons. We hypothesized that the clinical and demographic features of children hospitalized with RSV infection in 2021 were different from those hospitalized in previous respiratory seasons.

Study Design: In this retrospective observational study, children younger than 2 years hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021, at the Department of Pediatrics of the Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, were included.

Accuracy of Xpert Ultra for the diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis in a low TB burden country: a prospective multicentre study.

Introduction: Childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a diagnostic challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Xpert Ultra for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB in children in a low TB prevalence setting.

Methods: Prospective, multicentre, diagnostic accuracy study.

Treatments for multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children - discharge, fever, and second-line therapies.

Scarce evidence exists about the best treatment for multi-system inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). We analyzed the effects of steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and their combination on the probability of discharge over time, the probability of switching to second-line treatment over time, and the persistence of fever 2 days after treatment. We did a retrospective study to investigate the effect of different treatments on children with MIS-C from 1 March 2020 to 1 June 2021.

Chronic Q Fever as Recurrent Osteoarticular Infection in Children: Case Report and Literature Review.

Q fever osteomyelitis has been rarely reported in children. This infection has an unclear pathophysiology and the optimal therapy is unknown. We report a 2-year-old girl with Coxiella burnetti recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: femur, metatarsal, cuneiform, and calcaneus.