Cortical encoding of spatial structure and semantic content in 3D natural scenes.

Our visual system enables us to effortlessly navigate and recognize real-world visual environments. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies suggest a network of scene-responsive cortical visual areas, but much less is known about the temporal order in which different scene properties are analysed by the human visual system. In this study, we selected a set of 36 full-colour natural scenes that varied in spatial structure and semantic content that our male and female human participants viewed both in 2D and 3D while we recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) data.

Ensemble percepts of colored targets among distractors are influenced by hue similarity, not categorical identity.

Color can be used to group similar elements, and ensemble percepts of color can be formed for such groups. In real-life settings, however, elements of similar color are often spatially interspersed among other elements and seen against a background. Forming an ensemble percept of these elements would require the segmentation of the correct color signals for integration.

Genetic testing and new variants in diagnosis of congenital ichthyoses.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate how diagnostic practice in congenital ichthyoses has evolved during the years 2000-2020 and what kind of gene variants of congenital ichthyosis have been found.

Methods: The study cohort of this register-based research consisted of a total of 88 patients, whose diagnostic testing was conducted, and ichthyosis diagnoses set at the Department of Dermatology and the Department of Clinical Genetics at Tampere University Hospital during the years 2000-2020.

Results: Diagnosis of ichthyosis was confirmed with genetic testing in 33 cases, and with conventional diagnostic methods, such as clinical findings, skin biopsy and family history of ichthyoses, in 55 cases.

Blood pressure increase preceded spontaneous and paracetamol-induced, early ductal closure in very preterm infants.

Aim: To investigate the blood pressure (BP) and ductal calibre patterns associated with early ductal closure in very low gestational age (<32 weeks) infants.

Methods: Blood pressure was continuously measured intra-arterially among 43 infants participating in a randomised, double-blind trial of 4 days prophylactic intravenous paracetamol. Early closure of the ductus was verified by daily ultrasound examinations.

Arctic soil methane sink increases with drier conditions and higher ecosystem respiration.

Arctic wetlands are known methane (CH) emitters but recent studies suggest that the Arctic CH sink strength may be underestimated. Here we explore the capacity of well-drained Arctic soils to consume atmospheric CH using >40,000 hourly flux observations and spatially distributed flux measurements from 4 sites and 14 surface types. While consumption of atmospheric CH occurred at all sites at rates of 0.

Independent short- and long-term dependencies in perception.

Perception is biased by stimulus history. Both long-term effects such as the central-tendency bias (CTB) and short-term effects such as serial dependence (SD) have been described, but research into the two has remained largely separate. The sources of these effects, however, are highly correlated in stimulus statistics, which can result in a misinterpretation of experimental data.

Associations of polygenic risk scores for preeclampsia and blood pressure with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Background: Preexisting hypertension increases risk for preeclampsia. We examined whether a generic blood pressure polygenic risk score (BP-PRS), compared with a preeclampsia-specific polygenic risk score (PE-PRS), could better predict hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Methods: Our study sample included 141 298 genotyped FinnGen study participants with at least one childbirth and followed from 1969 to 2021.

Role of an automated screening tool for familial hypercholesterolemia in patients with premature coronary artery disease.

Background And Aims: To validate an automated screening tool for patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and high total cholesterol or LDL-C levels and assess if it would provide clinicians with additional support in identifying patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH).

Methods: An IT-based automated screening tool based on coronary angiography data recorded in the KARDIO registry and laboratory values was validated among patients undergone coronary angiography in the Heart Hospital at Tampere University Hospital between 2007 and 2017 fulfilling the criteria of premature CAD (men <55 years and women <60 years) and history of high total cholesterol (>8 mmol/l) or LDL-cholesterol (>5 mmol/l) levels. Electronic health records were retrospectively analyzed to determine if these patients had been diagnosed with FH based on clinical features and whether genetic testing had been conducted.

Quantitative bile and serum proteomics for the screening and differential diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by biliary strictures, cholestasis, and a markedly increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma. New markers for the screening and differential diagnosis of PSC are needed. In this pilot study, we have analyzed both the bile and serum proteomic profiles of 80 PSC patients and non-PSC controls (n = 6 for bile and n = 18 for serum).

Increased Risk of Preeclampsia in Women With a Genetic Predisposition to Elevated Blood Pressure.

Background: Preeclampsia causes significant maternal and perinatal morbidity. Genetic factors seem to affect the onset of the disease. We aimed to investigate whether the polygenic risk score for blood pressure (BP; BP-PRS) is associated with preeclampsia, its subtypes, and BP values during pregnancy.

Paracetamol preceding very preterm birth: Is it safe?

Introduction: The use of paracetamol for pain relief in pregnancy is common. However, the influence of paracetamol on the perinatal adaptation of high-risk infants has not been studied. These data are important for safety, since another inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis is harmful to infants born very preterm and increases serious morbidity.

Management Practices During Perinatal Respiratory Transition of Very Premature Infants.

The present review considers some controversial management practices during extremely premature perinatal transition. We focus on perinatal prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in immature infants. New concerns regarding antenatal corticosteroid management have been raised.

Visual discrimination of optical material properties: A large-scale study.

Complex visual processing involved in perceiving the object materials can be better elucidated by taking a variety of research approaches. Sharing stimulus and response data is an effective strategy to make the results of different studies directly comparable and can assist researchers with different backgrounds to jump into the field. Here, we constructed a database containing several sets of material images annotated with visual discrimination performance.

Inflammatory biomarkers in very preterm infants during early intravenous paracetamol administration.

Background: Paracetamol promotes early closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and it may affect inflammation after preterm birth.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between paracetamol treatment and serum inflammatory biomarkers in very preterm infants with respiratory distress.

Study Design: The infants were randomly assigned to intravenous paracetamol or placebo during the first 4 days of life, and others received a lower dose of paracetamol unblinded.

Trial of paracetamol for premature newborns: five-year follow-up.

Introduction: Paracetamol is a commonly used pain medication for the very-high risk neonates and it is increasingly being used for patent ductus arteriosus treatment in preterm infants. However, randomized trial data on long-term consequences are not yet available, but there is some evidence of serious adverse effects on children exposed to paracetamol during pregnancy.

Patients And Methods: A five-year follow-up study of a placebo-controlled paracetamol trial on very preterm infants (PreParaS) was conducted ( = 48).

Two novel mutations in the DNAH11 gene in primary ciliary dyskinesia (CILD7) with considerable variety in the clinical and beating cilia phenotype.

Background: Diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) still remains a challenge, especially with mutations in the Dynein Arm Heavy Chain 11 (DNAH11) gene. Classical diagnostic measures like Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) are not applicable for mutations in the DNAH11 gene since ultrastructural defects of the ciliary apparatus are absent. Novel mutations encoding for PCD appear all the time with considerable variation in the clinical picture, making it necessary to update data bases and guidelines for PCD diagnostics.

Intravenous paracetamol for neonates: long-term diseases not escalated during 5 years of follow-up.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term adverse reactions of paracetamol in children who required intensive care shortly after birth. Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic in neonates, but the long-term studies are lacking. Previous epidemiological studies have reported associations between early paracetamol intake and diseases in childhood.

Subgroup analysis of the early paracetamol trial to preterm infants found haemodynamic changes and improved oxygenation.

Background: We previously reported in a randomised trial that early intravenous paracetamol accelerated contraction of ductus arteriosus in very preterm infants (<32 gestation weeks).

Aims: To monitor sequentially paracetamol effects on the blood pressure and brain tissue oxygenation in the infants participating the trial.

Methods: In a double-blind trial, intravenous paracetamol or placebo was infused to 48 very premature infants starting within 24 h of birth for four days.

Color ensembles: Sampling and averaging spatial hue distributions.

Color serves both to segment a scene into objects and background and to identify objects. Although objects and surfaces usually contain multiple colors, humans can readily extract a representative color description, for instance, that tomatoes are red and bananas yellow. The study of color discrimination and identification has a long history, yet we know little about the formation of summary representations of multicolored stimuli.

CH oxidation in a boreal lake during the development of hypolimnetic hypoxia.

Freshwater ecosystems represent a significant natural source of methane (CH). CH produced through anaerobic decomposition of organic matter (OM) in lake sediment and water column can be either oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO) by methanotrophic microbes or emitted to the atmosphere. While the role of CH oxidation as a CH sink is widely accepted, neither the magnitude nor the drivers behind CH oxidation are well constrained.

Survival analysis of a cohort of extremely preterm infants born in Finland during 2005-2013.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the mortality of extremely preterm infants (ELGA born alive before 28 weeks) until the postconceptional age of 42 weeks, death, or home discharge, whichever came first. It was focused especially on studying the relationship between antenatal risk factors, the time of death, and the postnatal morbidities associated with mortality.

Study Design: The original data obtained from the nationwide Finnish medical birth register of extremely preterm and low birthweight infants born during 2005-2013 were analyzed.

NIV NAVA versus Nasal CPAP in Premature Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Noninvasive ventilation is recommended for neonatal respiratory distress to avoid adverse effects of invasive ventilation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the feasibility of noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV NAVA) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in preterm newborn infants.

Methods: Forty preterm infants (gestational age 28+0 to 36+6 weeks) requiring CPAP and supplemental oxygen (FiO2 >0.