Low-grade inflammation from prenatal period to age 6-8 years in a Vitamin D trial.

Background: Low-grade systemic inflammation measured as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been associated with non-communicable disease risk. We assessed whether prenatal inflammation and early-childhood vitamin D are associated with inflammation until age 6-8.

Methods: We analyzed blood hs-CRP and 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] in pregnancy, at birth from umbilical cord blood (UCB), from offspring at ages 1, 2, and 6-8 years in the Vitamin D Intervention in Infants (VIDI) study.

Collagen X Biomarker (CXM), Linear Growth, and Bone Development in a Vitamin D Intervention Study in Infants.

Collagen X biomarker (CXM) is suggested to be a biomarker of linear growth velocity. However, early childhood data are limited. This study examines the relationship of CXM to the linear growth rate and bone development, including the possible modifying effects of vitamin D supplementation.

Iron status in early childhood is modified by diet, sex and growth: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled vitamin D trial.

Background & Aims: During early childhood the risk of iron deficiency (ID) is high. Serum ferritin serves as a marker of iron status. We explored prevalence of ID and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and identified determinants of iron status in infants and toddlers.

The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation During Infancy on Growth During the First 2 Years of Life.

Context: The relationship between maternal and infant vitamin D and early childhood growth remains inadequately understood.

Objective: This work aimed to investigate how maternal and child 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and vitamin D supplementation affect growth during the first 2 years of life.

Methods: A randomized, double-blinded, single-center intervention study was conducted from pregnancy until offspring age 2 years.

High Pregnancy, Cord Blood, and Infant Vitamin D Concentrations May Predict Slower Infant Growth.

Context: The relationship of maternal and infant 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration [25(OH)D] with infant growth is unclear.

Objective: Our objective was to explore whether 25(OH)D in pregnancy, umbilical cord blood (UCB), or in infancy was associated with infant growth.

Design: This study involved 798 healthy infants and their mothers in Finland.

Maternal vitamin D status, gestational diabetes and infant birth size.

Background: Maternal vitamin D status has been associated with both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and fetal growth restriction, however, the evidence is inconsistent. In Finland, maternal vitamin D status has improved considerably due to national health policies. Our objective was to compare maternal 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations [25(OH)D] between mothers with and without GDM, and to investigate if an association existed between maternal vitamin D concentration and infant birth size.

Food and Nutrient Intake and Nutrient Sources in 1-Year-Old Infants in Finland: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

The infant diet has short- and long-term health consequences. Updated data regarding the dietary intake of Finnish infants are lacking. The objectives of this study were to describe infant food and nutrient intake and to identify food sources of the nutrients.

Season, dietary factors, and physical activity modify 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration during pregnancy.

Purpose: The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to define maternal and umbilical cord blood (UCB) 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) to characterize maternal factors modifying 25(OH)D during pregnancy and predict UCB 25(OH)D in two subgroups with Declined [Δ25(OH)D <0 nmol/l] and Increased [Δ25(OH)D >0 nmol/l] 25(OH)D concentration.

Methods: A complete dataset was available from 584 women. 25(OH)D was determined at gestational weeks 6-13 and in UCB.