Childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease and chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis: A Swedish nationwide cohort study 2002-2022.

Background And Aims: Nationwide, population-based studies of chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) in patients with childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are lacking.

Methods: We used nationwide registers to identify all children in Sweden diagnosed with IBD during 2002-2022 and the occurrence of CNO in this IBD cohort and general population non-IBD comparators. To estimate the temporal associations between IBD and CNO we used Cox regression.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy helped to normalise feeding problems and gastrointestinal symptoms in Silver-Russell syndrome.

Aim: This study evaluated feeding problems and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), which is a rare epigenetic disorder. It also compared the symptoms experienced during different feeding methods, including percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG).

Methods: The national expert team for children with SRS at Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, studied 46 referrals (63% male) who were born with SRS in Sweden from 1984 to 2018.

The Swedish PedsQL gastrointestinal symptoms scale and symptoms module showed good psychometric performance.

Aim: There is no validated symptom scale for Swedish children with gastrointestinal disorders. Our aim was to validate the Swedish version of the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) gastrointestinal symptoms scale and symptoms module.

Methods: Families were recruited from two hospitals in Gothenburg, Sweden, from 1 March 2021 to 31 October 2022.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in infants' plasma and corresponding mother's milk and plasma in relation to subsequent sensitisation and atopic disease.

Background: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in intestinal contents may influence immune function, while less is known about SCFAs in blood plasma. The aims were to investigate the relation between infants' and maternal plasma SCFAs, as well as SCFAs in mother's milk, and relate SCFA concentrations in infant plasma to subsequent sensitisation and atopic disease.

Methods: Infant plasma (N = 148) and corresponding mother's milk and plasma were collected four months postpartum.

Lack of Follow-Up for Celiac Disease During Childhood Not Associated With Poor Health Outcomes: A Regional Swedish Cohort Study.

Objectives: The objective of the study is to examine the association between the lack of follow-up for celiac disease (CD) during childhood and dietary adherence, disease remission, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods: We invited 243 randomly selected children diagnosed with CD in 2013-2018 in Gothenburg, Sweden, and 162 consented to participate (67%). We retrieved information on clinical follow-up and current wellbeing using medical and laboratory records data, as well as validated questionnaires on symptoms of CD, dietary adherence, and HRQoL.

Frequent Occurrence of Perianal Disease and Granuloma Formation in Patients with Crohn's Disease and Coexistent Orofacial Granulomatosis.

Background: Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is an inflammatory disorder of the perioral region and oral cavity. Crohn's disease (CD) in conjunction with OFG (CD-OFG), has been suggested to constitute a phenotype of CD with distinct features at diagnosis.

Aims: The aim of this project was to investigate whether the distinct phenotypic features of CD-OFG persist in the years following the initial diagnosis of CD.

Regional Swedish study found that one in seven coeliac patients experienced loss of follow up during childhood.

Aim: To examine the clinical follow up of paediatric coeliac disease and the rate of loss of follow up during childhood, for which data are scarce.

Methods: In a cohort of coeliac children diagnosed in 2013-2018 in Gothenburg, Sweden, we retrospectively explored the follow-up practice of paediatric coeliac disease until June 2021. We used medical records from hospital-based paediatric gastroenterology and general paediatric outpatient clinics, laboratory records, and questionnaires.

Young Adult Male Patients With Childhood-onset IBD Have Increased Risks of Compromised Cortical and Trabecular Bone Microstructures.

Background: Young adults with childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased risks of low areal bone mineral density and low skeletal muscle mass. Volumetric BMD (vBMD), bone geometry and microstructures, in addition to possible associations with skeletal muscle index (SMI) and physical exercise have been scarcely studied in this patient group.

Patients And Methods: In total, 49 young adult male patients with childhood-onset IBD and 245 age- and height-matched young adult male controls were scanned with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

Physical exercise is associated with beneficial bone mineral density and body composition in young adults with childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of compromised bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition. There are limited data on the physical exercise (PE) habits of patients with childhood-onset IBD and on the associations between PE and BMD and body composition.

Patients And Methods: In total, 72 young adults with childhood-onset IBD and 1341 normative young adult controls answered questionnaires regarding PE [hours/week (h/w)] in the last 12 months.

Collagenous Gastritis in Children: Incidence, Disease Course, and Associations With Autoimmunity and Inflammatory Markers.

Introduction: Collagenous gastritis (CG), a rare disorder of unknown etiology, has been postulated to have immune-mediated mechanisms. We investigated (i) the incidence and prevalence of CG in a pediatric population; (ii) the clinical, endoscopic, and histologic characteristics of childhood-onset CG; and (iii) the evidence for autoimmunity and/or inflammatory activity in these patients.

Methods: Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic data were reviewed longitudinally in a population-based Swedish cohort of 15 patients with childhood-onset CG diagnosed in the period 2008-2019.

Altered body composition profiles in young adults with childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease.

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often develop alterations in body composition in terms of their proportions of lean mass and fat mass, as well as reduced bone mineral density (BMD). However, there are limited data on the skeletal muscle index (SMI) and percentage fat (fat %) for young adults with childhood-onset IBD. Our aim was to investigate the body compositions of these patients, with the focus on SMI and fat %.

Candida species as commensal gut colonizers: A study of 133 longitudinally followed Swedish infants.

The gut microbiota harbor a wide range of bacterial species, but also yeasts may be part of this ecosystem. Infants who are being treated in intensive care units are often colonized by Candida species. However, little is known regarding commensal yeast colonization of healthy infants and young children.

High Frequency of Concomitant Food Allergy Development and Autoantibody Formation in Children Who Have Undergone Liver Transplantation.

Background: Allergy and other immune-mediated diseases are more frequently reported in children who have undergone liver transplantation. Furthermore, autoantibodies are also prevalent, suggesting a state of immune dysregulation in these patients. Whether or not these processes occur simultaneously in the same individual has not been studied previously.

Distinct patterns of naive, activated and memory T and B cells in blood of patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease.

Both major subcategories of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are characterized by infiltration of the gut wall by inflammatory effector cells and elevated biomarkers of inflammation in blood and feces. We investigated the phenotypes of circulating lymphocytes in the two types of IBD in treatment-naive pediatric patients by analysis of blood samples by flow cytometry. Multivariate analysis was used to compare the phenotypes of the blood lymphocytes of children with ulcerative colitis (n = 17) or Crohn's disease (n = 8) and non-IBD control children with gastrointestinal symptoms, but no signs of gut inflammation (n = 23).

Bone Mass Development from Childhood into Young Adulthood in Patients with Childhood-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Children who have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased risk of low bone mineral density (BMD). There is a scarcity of information on BMD development through puberty and into young adulthood in patients with childhood-onset IBD.

Methods: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study of BMD in patients with childhood-onset IBD.

Low-complexity microbiota in the duodenum of children with newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by gut dysbiosis. To date, the large bowel microbiota has been in focus. However, the microbiota of the small intestine may also be of importance, as the small bowel is a site for the induction and control of mucosal immune responses, which can be modulated by constituents of the local microbiota.

Differences in eosinophil molecular profiles between children and adults with eosinophilic esophagitis.

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) afflicts both children and adults. It has been debated whether pediatric EoE and adult EoE represent different disease entities. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the blood eosinophil molecular pattern of children with EoE is (i) distinct from that of healthy children; and (ii) different from that of adults with EoE.

Epstein-Barr virus DNA monitoring in serum and whole blood in pediatric liver transplant recipients who do or do not discontinue immunosuppressive therapy.

The rate of PTLD can be reduced by weaned IS guided by monitoring of EBV DNA. In this single-center retrospective case series study, we analyzed how reduction in IS influenced EBV DNA levels in whole blood and serum in 30 children during the first year after liver transplantation, and how these levels were related to symptoms putatively due to EBV. Primary and reactivated EBV infection was seen in 18 (60%) and eight patients (27%), respectively.

Eosinophils from eosinophilic oesophagitis patients have T cell suppressive capacity and express FOXP3.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an antigen-driven T cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disease where food and environmental antigens are thought to have a role. Human eosinophils express the immunoregulatory protein galectin-10 and have T cell suppressive capacity similar to regulatory T cells (T ). We hypothesized that one function of eosinophils in EoE might be to regulate the T cell-driven inflammation in the oesophagus.

Superantigens and adhesins of infant gut commensal Staphylococcus aureus strains and association with subsequent development of atopic eczema.

Background: According to the hygiene hypothesis, insufficient immune activation by microbes increases the risk of allergy development. Staphylococcus aureus, which is part of the skin and gut microbiota of infants in Western countries, produces a variety of T-cell-activating enterotoxins, called superantigens.

Objectives: To investigate whether early (0-2 months of age) gut colonization by S.

Immunohistopathology of the Newly Discovered Giant Papillae Tongue Disorder in Organ-Transplanted Children.

Background: Giant papillae tongue disorder (GPTD) is a newly discovered, long-lasting clinical disorder that may develop in organ-transplanted pediatric recipients. The key feature of this disorder is the unique tongue lesion, which comprises swollen fungiform papillae. The aim of this study was to characterize the immunohistopathology of this novel inflammatory condition.

Does Crohn's Disease with Concomitant Orofacial Granulomatosis Represent a Distinctive Disease Subtype?

Background: Although orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) may present as a separate clinical entity, it often seems in conjunction with various systemic diseases, of which Crohn's disease (CD) is one of the most common. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CD with concomitant OFG represents a distinctive disease subtype.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with CD and concomitant OFG (CD+OFG group) were included in the study.

In Vivo Application of Tissue-Engineered Veins Using Autologous Peripheral Whole Blood: A Proof of Concept Study.

Vascular diseases are increasing health problems affecting > 25 million individuals in westernized societies. Such patients could benefit from transplantation of tissue-engineered vascular grafts using autologous cells. One challenge that has limited this development is the need for cell isolation, and risks associated with ex vivo expanded stem cells.