[Optical coherence tomography angiography in the differential diagnosis of iris melanoma and progressive iris nevus].

Unlabelled: Considering the similarity in clinical presentations of iris neoplasms of various origins, questions of their noninvasive diagnosis remain relevant. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is one of the imaging method that enables visualization of tumor vessels.

Purpose: This article examines the features of angioarchitecture, vascular network density, and perfusion density of iris melanoma and progressive iris nevus using OCT-A.

[Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma and non-pigmented choroidal melanoma: clinical, instrumental and molecular genetic features].

Unlabelled: Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) and early non-pigmented choroidal melanoma (CM) have similar clinical, ultrasound and morphometric features, which in some cases makes their differential diagnosis difficult. There are few studies in the literature devoted to a comparative analysis of the molecular genetic features of CCH and non-pigmented CM, and the results of those studies are contradictory.

Purpose: This study attempts to develop a method of non-invasive molecular genetic differential diagnostics of CCH and non-pigmented CM.

The Pediatric and Young Adult Choroidal and Ciliary Body Melanoma Genetic Study, A Survey by the European Ophthalmic Oncology Group.

Purpose: To explore the genetic background of choroidal and ciliary body melanoma among children and young adults, with special focus on BAP1 germline variants in this age group.

Methods: Patients under the age of 25 and with confirmed choroidal or ciliary body melanoma were included in this retrospective, multicenter observational study. Nuclear BAP1 immunopositivity was used to evaluate the presence of functional BAP1 in the tumor.

Steady-State Ultracold Plasma Created by Continuous Photoionization of Laser Cooled Atoms.

In this Letter we discuss our approach that makes possible creation of the steady-state ultracold plasma having various densities and temperatures by means of continuous two-step optical excitation of calcium atoms in the magneto-optical trap. A strongly coupled ultracold plasma can be used as an excellent test platform for studying many-body interactions associated with various plasma phenomena. The parameters of the plasma are studied using laser-induced fluorescence of calcium ions.

[Angioarchitecture of small retinoblastomas: the role of optical coherence tomography angiography].

Unlabelled: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive diagnostic method used in children and adults. Features of angioarchitecture of small retinoblastoma are not sufficiently covered.

Purpose: The study investigated the angioarchitecture of small retinoblastomas using OCTA.

Association of BARD1 and BRIP1 Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk of Uveal Melanoma.

Considering the limited information about the role of hereditary predisposition to the development of uveal melanoma, we have performed an analysis of the frequencies of BARD1 (rs1048108, rs2229571, rs2070094) and BRIP1 (rs4986764) gene polymorphisms in patients with uveal melanoma and benign choroidal nevus in comparison with healthy volunteers (control). It has been found that the minor alleles of BRIP1 rs4986764 and BARD1 rs2070094 polymorphisms, as well as the homozygosity of T allele at the BARD1 rs1048108 locus are common genetic markers for the predisposition to uveal melanoma and benign choroidal nevus, while the homozygous genotype GG for the BARD1 rs2229571 polymorphism is a specific marker for the predisposition to uveal melanoma and progressive choroidal nevus. We have also found that the heterozygous genotype at BARD1 rs1048108 polymorphic locus is a specific marker for protection against uveal melanoma and progressive choroidal nevus.

Immune cell identifier and classifier (ImmunIC) for single cell transcriptomic readouts.

Single cell RNA sequencing has a central role in immune profiling, identifying specific immune cells as disease markers and suggesting therapeutic target genes of immune cells. Immune cell-type annotation from single cell transcriptomics is in high demand for dissecting complex immune signatures from multicellular blood and organ samples. However, accurate cell type assignment from single-cell RNA sequencing data alone is complicated by a high level of gene expression heterogeneity.

[The incidence of infection in tumor and eye fluid system, and specific humoral immunity to herpes viruses in patients with uveal melanoma].

Introduction: Studies aimed at a direct research of human herpes viruses (HHVs) in the tumor material and eye media have not been carried out so far. Research goal to establish the frequency of detection HHVs DNA in the biomaterial of the eye and blood and to assess the specific humoral immunity to the causative agents of herpes virus infections in patients with uveal melanoma.

Materials And Methods: 38 patients with the uveal tract tumor were examined for the presence of DNA of HHV types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, 2), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), EpsteinBarr virus (EBV) and herpes viruses 6 and 8 types (HHV-6, HHV-8) in tumor tissue, vitreous body, aqueous humour and blood plasma by real-time polymerase chain reaction; blood serum was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG and IgM antibodies to HHVs.

[Use of optical coherence tomography angiography in assessment in conjunctival vascular architecture in health and pathology].

Purpose: Investigation of the capabilities of anterior segment (AS) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in evaluation of conjunctival vascular architecture in healthy individuals and in various pathological conditions.

Material And Methods: The study included 17 healthy volunteers (34 eyes; the control group) and 62 patients (68 eyes) with conjunctival lesions of various nature. All participants underwent AS-OCT and AS-OCTA with assessment of qualitative (vessels pattern, lumen, pathologic tortuosity) and quantitative parameters (vessel density (VD, %) in the lesion area).

Gut microbiome in people living with HIV is associated with impaired thiamine and folate syntheses.

People living with HIV have a high incidence of cardiovascular and neurological diseases as comorbid disorders that are commonly linked to inflammation. While microbial translocation can augment inflammation during HIV infection, functional microbiome shifts that may increase pro-inflammatory responses have not been fully characterized. In addition, defining HIV-induced microbiome changes has been complicated by high variability among individuals.

[The role of CXC and CC chemokines in patients with uveal melanoma].

Unlabelled: Uveal melanoma is a malignant neoplasm with high metastatic potential; its pathogenesis is currently being studied. Chemokines play a key role not only in the inflammatory response, but also in enhancing angiogenesis, tumor invasiveness, increasing proliferative potential and metastasis.

Purpose: To study the role of chemokines of classes CXC and CC in blood serum and tear fluid of patients with uveal melanoma.

Patients presenting with metastases: stage IV uveal melanoma, an international study.

Objective: To analyse ocular and systemic findings of patients presenting with systemic metastasis.

Methods And Analysis: It is an international, multicentre, internet-enabled, registry-based retrospective data analysis. Patients were diagnosed between 2001 and 2011.

Assessment of the Chemosensitivity of Uveal Melanoma Cells Ex Vivo.

The study was designed to create a primary cell culture of uveal melanoma and to evaluate its resistance to chemotherapy. Of the obtained 20 samples of uveal melanoma, the primary cultures with proliferation sufficient for MTT test were derived in only 7 cases. However, even these cultures were unable to survive more than 4 passages; the cells accumulated melanin and underwent apoptosis.

Travel burden and clinical presentation of retinoblastoma: analysis of 1024 patients from 43 African countries and 518 patients from 40 European countries.

Background: The travel distance from home to a treatment centre, which may impact the stage at diagnosis, has not been investigated for retinoblastoma, the most common childhood eye cancer. We aimed to investigate the travel burden and its impact on clinical presentation in a large sample of patients with retinoblastoma from Africa and Europe.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis including 518 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 40 European countries and 1024 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 43 African countries.

[Optical coherence tomography in diagnostics of small choroidal melanoma].

Purpose: To determine signs of small choroidal melanoma with different pigmentation using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT).

Material And Methods: The study included 344 patients with small choroidal melanoma with different pigmentation examined using EDI-OCT: 1st group - pigmented melanoma (228 eyes), 2nd group - low pigmented (65 eyes), and 3rd group - amelanotic (51 eyes).

Results: In pigmented small choroidal melanomas - elevation of choroidal profile towards vitreous, compression of choriocapillaries with a narrow even 'belt' and a 'shadow' effect; thinning, defects in Bruch's membrane; thickening of the retina above the tumor, lobulated photoreceptors; intra- and subretinal exudate (diffuse, cystic edema, neuroepithelial detachment); defects and detachment of pigment epithelium with hyperreflective foci, disorganization of the pigment with the formation of hyperreflective foci at different retinal levels.

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale.

Multicenter External Validation of the Liverpool Uveal Melanoma Prognosticator Online: An OOG Collaborative Study.

Uveal melanoma (UM) is fatal in ~50% of patients as a result of disseminated disease. This study aims to externally validate the Liverpool Uveal Melanoma Prognosticator Online V3 (LUMPO3) to determine its reliability in predicting survival after treatment for choroidal melanoma when utilizing external data from other ocular oncology centers. Anonymized data of 1836 UM patients from seven international ocular oncology centers were analyzed with LUMPO3 to predict the 10-year survival for each patient in each external dataset.

Retinopathy in young retinoblastoma patients receiving a chemotherapy treatment: clinical trials and morphometric analysis.

: This research is to evaluate patients with retinoblastoma, who receive chemotherapy, with enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) to compare the signs of retinopathy.: A prospective non-randomized trial included 125 eyes of 74 patients at the age of 24 ± 1.6 months with retinoblastoma.

[Mast cells in the microenvironment of uveal melanoma].

Objective: To study the morphological features of the microenvironment of a tumor nodule in the eyes with uveal melanoma, focusing on mast cells.

Material And Methods: A total of 43 enucleated eyes with uveal melanoma (260 histological specimens) were examined. The patients' age averaged 54±2.

Association between polymorphic markers in candidate genes and the risk of manifestationof endocrine ophthalmopathy in patients with Graves' disease.

Aim: To analyze the association between the polymorphic markers in CTLA4, TNF, IL10 and IL16 genes and the risk of manifestation of endocrine ophthalmopathy (EO) in patients with Graves' disease (GD).

Materials And Methods: Case-control study included 248 patients with GD. Using polymerase chain reaction we studied the distribution of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic markers such as A60G (rs3087243) in CTLA4 gene, G(-308)A (rs1800629) in TNF gene, G(-1082)A (rs1800896) in IL10 gene, T3249C (rs4778641) in IL16 gene among 141 patients with Graves' disease and EO and 107 patients with GD without EO.

[Unilateral multifocal uveal melanoma (a clinical and genetic study)].

The study presents clinical and genetic analysis of a case of unilateral multifocal uveal choroidal melanoma in a patient of 67 years. Results of ophthalmoscopy, echography, fluorescent angiography, optical coherence tomography are described. Molecular genetic testing of peripheral blood samples was performed, including detection of the occurrences of CC genotype in C3435T polymorphism of the gene ABCB1/MDR1 associated with unfavorable vital prognosis.

[Melanoma-associated vitelliform retinopathy (a clinical case study)].

Melanoma-associated vitelliform retinopathy is a manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome in skin melanoma. Paraneoplastic syndrome, while not being a tumor or a metastatic disease, is regarded as a tumor-associated disease related to extraocular localization of neoplasm. In this clinical case, the diagnosis of melanoma-associated vitelliform retinopathy was based on a combination of clinical, angiographic, autofluorescence and morphometric signs of bilateral lesion.

[Role of optical coherence tomography angiography in diagnostics of early choroidal melanoma and circumscribed choroidal hemangioma].

Unlabelled: Small choroidal melanoma is a malignant tumor that is prone to early metastasis, its amelanotic form is often similar to circumscribed choroidal hemangioma. The main attribute for tumor identification is its vascularization, which is the target of various examination methods. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has not been previously used in complex diagnostics of early choroidal melanoma and circumscribed choroidal hemangioma for detection of tumor vessels and the nature of their branching, as well as for vessel caliber comparison.

Retinoblastoma Cell Culturing and Evaluation of Their Drug Resistance.

We obtained primary culture of retinoblastoma cells and evaluated the resistance of cultured ells to chemotherapy. The study included 19 patients aged 6-64 months (mean 27.9±17.