Rubber intercropping with arboreal and herbaceous species alleviated the global warming potential through the reduction of soil greenhouse gas emissions.

Agroforestry systems are known to enhance soil health and climate resilience, but their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in rubber-based agroforestry systems across diverse configurations is not fully understood. Here, six representative rubber-based agroforestry systems (encompassing rubber trees intercropped with arboreal, shrub, and herbaceous species) were selected based on a preliminary investigation, including Hevea brasiliensis intercropping with Alpinia oxyphylla (AOM), Alpinia katsumadai (AKH), Coffea arabica (CAA), Theobroma cacao (TCA), Cinnamomum cassia (CCA), and Pandanus amaryllifolius (PAR), and a rubber monoculture as control (RM). Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and GHG emission characteristics were determined at 0-20 cm soil depth.

Metabolic profiles of cutaneous lupus have abnormalities in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pathway.

Objective: Metabolic reprogramming plays a critical role in modulating the innate and adaptive immune response, but its role in cutaneous autoimmune diseases, such as cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), is less well studied. An improved understanding of the metabolic pathways dysregulated in CLE may lead to novel treatment options, biomarkers and insights into disease pathogenesis. The objective was to compare metabolomic profiles in the skin and sera of CLE and control patients using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Temperature-Related Bioclimatic Variables Play a Greater Role in the Spatial Distribution of Bumblebee Species in Northern Pakistan.

Bumblebee species are vital wild pollinators, providing essential pollination services for various crops, fruits, and vegetables. However, their biodiversity is vulnerable to decline due to climate change, particularly in regions like northern Pakistan. Despite this, no research has yet been conducted on the distribution patterns of bumblebee species in this region.

Hybridization Design and High-Throughput Screening of Peptides with Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Activities.

With the increasing recognition of the role of immunomodulation and oxidative stress in various diseases, designing peptides with both immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. In this study, a hybridization design was applied as a powerful method to obtain multifunctional peptides. A total of 40 peptides with potential immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities were designed and screened.

A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications in Pulmonary Hypertension (PH).

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Traditional diagnostic and management approaches for PH often face limitations, leading to delays in diagnosis and potentially suboptimal treatment outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI), encompassing machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) offers a transformative approach to PH care.

Development and Application of PSCPL13 Probiotics in Olive Flounder () Farming.

Aquaculture has grown significantly, contributing to global food security and sustainability; however, intensified fish farming has increased disease susceptibility and antibiotic resistance. This study assessed the probiotic potential of PSCPL13 (hereafter, PSCPL13), isolated from the intestines of Japanese eels, for enhancing the health of olive flounder. After screening 16 isolates, PSCPL13 was selected because of its potential broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against many pathogens, such as and .

Pharmacodynamic Profiling of Amoxicillin: Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens and in Canine Clinical Isolates.

The rising threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern in both human and veterinary medicine, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens such as and presenting significant challenges. : This study evaluates the effectiveness of amoxicillin against these MDR pathogens in canine isolates using pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. : Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and mutation prevention concentration (MPC) were assessed.

Effect of Ideal Amino Acid Ratio of Arginine to Lysine on Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Growth Performance, Antibody Titers of Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bronchitis Disease, and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers.

This study aimed to assess the effects of different arginine (Arg) to lysine (Lys) ratios on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and antibody titers of Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB) disease in broilers during 35 days of trial. For this purpose, a total of 816 day-old broiler birds having an average weight of 38 ± 3 g were divided into six dietary treatments in such a way that each treatment had eight replicates and each replicate had 17 birds. The treatments were 0.

Antibacterial Potential of Honeybee Venom and Extracellular Metabolites Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical global health threat, driving the search for alternative treatments to conventional antibiotics. In this study, the antibacterial properties of honeybee venom (BV) and fungal red dye (RD) were evaluated against three multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. Extracts of BV and RD exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial activity against the three tested bacteria, with their strongest effectiveness against (minimum inhibitory concentrations [MIC] = 3.

Yeast cell wall polysaccharides accelerate yet in-feed antibiotic delays intestinal development and maturation via modulating gut microbiome in chickens.

Background: It is important to promote intestinal development and maturation of chicks for feed digestion and utilization, intestinal health, and disease resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary yeast cell wall polysaccharides (YCWP) addition on intestinal development and maturation of chickens and its potential action mechanism.

Methods: 180 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to three groups containing control (basal diets without any antibiotics or anticoccidial drug), bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD)-treated group (50 mg/kg) and YCWP-supplemented group (100 mg/kg).

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Australian dairy goat farmers towards the control of gastrointestinal parasites.

Background: Gastrointestinal parasites such as nematodes and coccidia are responsible for significant economic losses in the goat industry globally. An indiscriminate use of antiparasitic drugs, primarily registered for use in sheep and cattle, in goats has resulted in drug-resistant gastrointestinal parasites. Very little is known about the gastrointestinal parasite control practices used by Australian dairy goat farmers that are pivotal for achieving sustainable control of economically important parasites.

Accuracy of teledentistry versus clinical oral examination for aged-care home residents: A pilot study.

Objectives: The aim of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility of using the mobile photographic method (m-health) of teledentistry for oral screening and triaging of older patients living in aged care homes.

Methods: The study took place in 2023 in four aged care facilities in Egypt. Three trained dentists performed clinical oral examinations of the participants and filled in the World Health Organization (WHO) oral health assessment form.

Occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium oocysts in chickens from Egypt, and a meta-analysis for Cryptosporidium infections in chickens worldwide.

Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of diarrhea in children and immunocompromised patients. Various animals and birds can also be infected with this protist, and Cryptosporidium zoonosis is common. A few reports have been published worldwide on Cryptosporidium infections in chickens.

Genetic diversity and phylogeography of the global Theileria orientalis isolates inferred from MPSP gene sequences.

Background/objective: Theileria orientalis is a non-transforming Theileria species infecting cattle and water buffaloes. Several outbreaks of oriental theileriosis accompanied by considerable economic loss were documented in Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. The major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene has frequently been used to molecularly characterize T.

Development and nutritional evaluation of pomegranate peel enriched bars.

Pomegranate peel powder is used as a functional ingredient in the development of nutritional bars. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is well known fruit belongs to punicaceae family having multiple health benefits, not only limited to its edible parts but also in its non-edible parts mostly the peel. Fruit wastes are rich source of nutrients, and can be used for the development of functional food products.

High-Sensitivity Fluorescent Sensing Platform for Rapid and Selective Detection of Chlorpyrifos Pesticide in Water Samples Using Terbium-Isatin-3-allyl Complex.

The detection of organophosphorus pesticides, particularly chlorpyrifos, in environmental samples is essential due to their widespread use and associated health risks. In this study, we developed a high-sensitivity fluorescent sensing platform utilizing an Isatin-3-allyl-terbium (IS-Tb) complex in solution for the rapid and selective detection of chlorpyrifos in various water samples. The proposed chemical structure of the complex in solution was evaluated using molar ratio method.

Role of Ionizing Radiation Techniques in Polymeric Hydrogel Synthesis for Tissue Engineering Applications.

Hydrogels are widely utilized in industrial and scientific applications owing to their ability to immobilize active molecules, cells, and nanoparticles. This capability has led to their growing use in various biomedical fields, including cell culture and transplantation, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Among the available synthesis techniques, ionizing-radiation-induced fabrication stands out as an environmentally friendly method for hydrogel preparation.

Toward Customizable Smart Gels: A Comprehensive Review of Innovative Printing Techniques and Applications.

New production technologies have transformed modern engineering fields, including electronics, mechanics, robotics, and biomedicine. These advancements have led to the creation of smart materials such as alloys, polymers, and gels that respond to various stimuli. This review focuses on smart materials (SMs), including their variety and fabrication techniques, that can be used to construct three- or four-dimensional structures.

Ononin's Antagonistic Activity towards TRPV1: Insights from Molecular Dynamics and Capsaicin-Evoked Calcium Response in DRG Neurons.

Background: The search for effective painkillers has led to intensive research, with a particular focus on the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channel as a possible target.

Methods: One promising candidate is ononin, which is investigated for its binding with TRPV1 through a 200-ns molecular dynamic simulation and analysed via root-meansquare deviation (RMSD), root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF), hydrogen-bond interactions, radius of gyration (RadGyr), and MM-PBSA energy calculations. The results were further validated experimentally via calcium imaging studies.

Clinicopathological Features, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutations and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Rearrangement-Based Survival of Patients With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in a Tertiary Care Setting.

Background Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths and the most common type of cancer globally. It is generally classified into two main histologic subtypes: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC is the most prevalent type and is enriched with genetic and molecular diversity.

Outcomes of Reconstructive Surgery Using Vacuum-Assisted Closure in Patients With Complex Wounds.

This study aimed to assess the results of reconstructive surgery with vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy in patients with complex wounds. The sample included 60 patients with a mean age of 53.03 years.

Comparative analysis of biodiversity, physiology, and anatomical adaptations in riparian flora exposed to industrial pollution stress.

Anthropogenic activities such as industrial pollution of water bodies possess threat to floras leading to extinction and endangerment. This study investigates the impact of industrial pollution on vegetation along River Chenab and its associated drains. Rivers and channels transporting industrial effluents have been determined to be significantly contaminated.

Analysis of Acute Cerebrovascular Accidents following Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures: A Comprehensive 17-year study involving 24,412 patients at a leading Tertiary care institution in the United Kingdom.

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to quantify the incidence of stroke following cardiac surgery over 17 years at our centre. Additionally, we evaluated the potential risk factors leading to postoperative stroke in these patients.

Methods: Patient characteristics and perioperative data were collected for 24,412 patients undergoing surgery at our centre between January 2005 and December 2021.

Preparation and characterization of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol active film incorporated with Syzygium guineense plant extract as active packaging materials.

The advancement of active packaging for food conservation has attracted considerable interest over time. In the present study, we aims to create and examine active films composed of chitosan (CS), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and syzygium guineense plant extract (SYZ) for potential use in food preservation. We examined the impact of ethanol extracts from the SYZ plant on the films' tensile strength, physical, antibacterial, and anti-oxidant properties.