Evolving Role of Natural Products from Traditional Medicinal Herbs in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia by impairing mental capacity growth and disrupting neurocognitive activity. Despite recent advancements in AD therapy, therapeutic effectiveness has been small, noncurative, and susceptible to drug resistance. The reality that AD's origin remains unknown and that the blood-brain barrier limits treatment effectiveness are two significant impediments to science.

The emerging role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) form a heterogeneous group of breast carcinomas that lack expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor 2. In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the arena of cancer immunotherapy. Early results are now accumulating from trials involving the treatment of TNBCs with radical ICIs therapies, including combinational therapies that include ICI technologies.

Polymeric Drug-Delivery Systems: Role in P-gp Efflux System Inhibition.

Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp), a multispecific drug transporter belonging to the multidrug resistance (MDR) gene subfamily, is mainly responsible for efflux of diffused intracellular drugs, resulting in poor drug bioavailability. P-gp is overexpressed in the blood-brain barrier, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), kidney, liver, pancreas, and cancerous cells, leading to multidrug resistance and failure of therapy. Because P-gp is transported into cells by way of receptor-mediated endocytosis (in contrast to diffusion for free drug), polymeric efflux pump modulators can have a major role in efficient drug delivery.

Role of polymer-drug conjugates in organ-specific delivery systems.

Polymers have been utilized to deliver the drug to targeted site in controlled manner, achieving the high-therapeutic efficacy. Polymeric drug conjugates having variable ligands as attachments have been proved to be biodegradable, stimuli sensitive and targeted systems. Numerous polymeric drug conjugates having linkers degraded by acidity or intracellular enzymes or sensitive to over expressed groups of diseased organ/tissue have been synthesized during last decade to develop targeted delivery systems.

N-succinyl chitosan as buccal penetration enhancer for delivery of herbal agents in treatment of oral mucositis.

Oral mucositis is one of the major side effects of cancer chemotherapy (30-76%) and radiotherapy (over 50%). Current palliative treatments of oral mucositis include specialized agents like pelifermin, platelet derived factors etc. or oral hygienic agents which suffered from various drawbacks like systemic side effect, least effect owing to fast wash out of buccal mucosa, patient unfriendly delivery systems, and mere symptomatic relief.

Drug carrier systems for solubility enhancement of BCS class II drugs: a critical review.

Poor aqueous solubility impedes a drug's bioavailability and challenges its pharmaceutical development. Pharmaceutical development of drugs with poor water solubility requires the establishment of a suitable formulation layout among various techniques. Various approaches have been investigated extensively to improve the aqueous solubility and poor dissolution rate of BCS class II and IV drugs.

Chitosan-alginate microcapsules of amoxicillin for gastric stability and mucoadhesion.

Amoxicillin-loaded microcapsules were prepared by ionotropic gelation of sodium alginate (ALG) with chitosan (CS) in presence of calcium chloride as gastroretentive delivery system. The effect of pH, concentration of ALG, CS and calcium chloride, and drug : ALG ratio were optimized in this study for minimizing the degradation of drug in acidic environment and increasing the loading efficacy and mucoadhesive efficiency of microcapsules. The optimum condition for prepared CS-ALG microcapsules was 2%w/v ALG, 0.

Scaffold: a novel carrier for cell and drug delivery.

Scaffolds are implants or injects, which are used to deliver cells, drugs, and genes into the body. Different forms of polymeric scaffolds for cell/drug delivery are available: (1) a typical three-dimensional porous matrix, (2) a nanofibrous matrix, (3) a thermosensitive sol-gel transition hydrogel, and (4) a porous microsphere. A scaffold provides a suitable substrate for cell attachment, cell proliferation, differentiated function, and cell migration.

Amoxicillin loaded chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles as mucopenetrating delivery system for h. Pylori.

The present study has been undertaken to apply the concept of nanoparticulate mucopenetrating drug delivery system for complete eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), colonised deep into the gastric mucosal lining. Most of the existing drug delivery systems have failed on account of either improper mucoadhesion or mucopenetration and no dosage form with dual activity of adhesion and penetration has been designed till date for treating H.

Clinical aspects of acute post-operative pain management & its assessment.

Management of postoperative pain relieve suffering and leads to earlier mobilization, shortened hospital stay, reduced hospital costs, and increased patient satisfaction. An effective postoperative management is not a standardized regime rather is tailored to the needs of the individual patient, taking into account medical, psychological, and physical condition; age; level of fear or anxiety; surgical procedure; personal preference; and response to therapeutic agents given. The major goal in the management of postoperative pain is to minimize the dose of medications to lessen side effects & provide adequate analgesia.