Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Association with Maternal and Neonatal Complications.

: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is known to be associated with pregnancy complications but there is limited evidence about the strength of these associations in recent clinical practice, especially after the introduction of strict guidelines for the management of pregnancies with GDM in a multidisciplinary team setting. The objectives of our study were to first compare the rates of complications in pregnancies with GDM with those that had pre-existing diabetes mellitus and those without diabetes; and second, to derive measures of effect size expressed as odds ratios after adjustment for confounding factors to assess the independent association of GDM in prediction of these pregnancy complications. : This was a prospective cohort study undertaken at a large maternity unit in the United Kingdom between January 2010 and June 2022.

Vesical endometriosis.

Endometriosis affecting the urinary tract is very rare and the most common site of involvement is urinary bladder. The clinical features are urgency and frequency, hypo gastric pain and hematuria. Cystoscopic examination is the most valuable diagnostic test but definitive diagnosis requires histological confirmation.