A comprehensive review of solar irradiation estimation and forecasting using artificial neural networks: data, models and trends.

Solar irradiation data are imperatively required for any solar energy-based project. The non-accessibility and uncertainty of these data can greatly affect the implementation, management, and performance of photovoltaic or thermal systems. Developing solar irradiation estimation and forecasting approaches is an effective way to overcome these issues.

[Renal cell carcinoma secondary to tuberculous nephritis].

The combination of renal tuberculosis and renal cancer is rare. The authors report the case of a patient who was followed for multifocal pulmonary, hepatic and renal tuberculosis. The diagnosis of associated renal tumour was raised in the presence of suggestive radiological images.

[Orbital metastasis of prostatic carcinoma].

Prostate cancer is frequently complicated by bone metastases. However some metastatic sites remain rare and unusual. The authors report an exceptional case of prostatic carcinoma presenting with orbital metastasis.

[Genital self-mutilation. Report of 3 cases].

Self-mutilation, a very unusual situation in routine urology, is a rare phenomenon. It is generally observed in a psychotic context, but can be secondary to drug or alcohol abuse. Treatment and management vary according to the severity of the lesions, the time to presentation and the patient's mental state.

[Management of horseshoe kidney based on a series of 36 cases].

Objective: Horseshoe kidney is a malformation of the upper urinary tract that usually remains asymptomatic. The authors report the various therapeutic modalities for urological diseases associated with horseshoe kidney.

Material And Method: Review of a series of 36 pathological horseshoe kidneys, associated with renal stones in 19 cases, ureteropelvic junction syndrome in 8 cases, tumour in 5 cases, pyonephrosis in 2 cases and trauma in 2 cases.

[Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate: case report and review of the literature].

Ductal adenocarcinoma is a histological variant of prostate cancer. The authors report the case of a 53-year-old man, in whom the tumour was revealed by acute urinary retention and haematuria. In the light of this case and a review of the recent literature, the authors discuss the histological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of this rare entity.

[Hemorrhagic bilateral renal angiomyolipoma].

Renal angiomyolipoma is a rare benign tumour, often associated with congenital diseases especially de Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis. Bilateral angiomyolipoma is exceptional. The authors report a case of bilateral renal angiomyolipoma in a 33-year-old patient presenting with haemorrhagic shock.

[Post-traumatic urethral diverticulum in an adult].

The male urethral diverticulum is a rare affection. The authors report one case of traumatic urethral diverticula. The diagnosis was confirmed by urethrocystography.

[Pseudotumor form of urinary tuberculosis].

Urogenital tuberculosis is an increasingly frequent serious disease. The diagnosis is often delayed due to the marked clinical polymorphism, leading to serious sequelae. The diagnosis of typical forms is easy, but some forms are misleading and can lead to an incorrect diagnosis.