Stroke Knowledge and Response Among the General Population in Saudi Arabia: A Population-Based Survey.

Introduction: Stroke, a condition that disrupts brain function and can result in long-lasting clinical symptoms or death, remains a substantial global health concern. General awareness of stroke leads to a proper response to stroke, pursuit of medical treatment, and a better outcome. Our study aims to explore how the general Saudi Arabian population responds to stroke, investigate the relationship between stroke knowledge and appropriate actions, and identify the most relied upon medical information source about stroke among the public.

The Relationship Between Hemoglobin A1c, Time in Range, and Glycemic Management Indicator in Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the correlation between glycated hemoglobin A1 (HbA1c), time in range (TIR), and glycemic management indicator (GMI) in patients with both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were using a flash glucose monitoring (FGM) device (FreeStyle Libre; Abbott Diabetic Care, Witney, UK).

Methods: This was a retrospective study that looked at T1D and T2D FreeStyle Libre users' LibreView database in the period between January 2020 to June 2022. The study was conducted at the diabetes department at the King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, following Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval.

Evaluating the Clinical Effectiveness and Safety of Semaglutide in Individuals with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes. Real-World Evidence from Saudi Arabia: The Observational, Multicenter, 15-Month EVOLUTION Study.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of semaglutide, administered either by weekly subcutaneous (SC) injection or orally, in real-life practice in Saudi Arabia in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A retrospective chart review study was conducted at 18 Saudi Arabia centers. An accredited centralized institutional review board approved the study.

An Unusual Case of Choledochoduodenal Fistula Secondary to Peptic Ulcer Presenting With Cholangitis and Pneumobilia.

Choledochodoudenal fistula is an uncommon bilio-enteric fistula with clinical presentation ranging from having no symptoms to frank cholangitis. The causes of choledochodoudenal fistula are multiple, with bile duct stones being the most common. Duodenal ulcer is rarely the source of choledochodoudenal fistula.

Manual and Application-Based Carbohydrate Counting and Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Subjects: A Narrative Review.

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is the most common chronic disease in young adults and children, which is treated with insulin, usually given as basal and boluses. Carbohydrate counting (CHOC) helps patients to determine the correct meal doses. The aim of this review is to study the effect of CHOC on glucose control, body weight, insulin dose and quality of life (QoL).

Pesticidal Toxicity of Phosphine and Its Interaction with Other Pest Control Treatments.

Phosphine is the most widely used fumigant for stored grains due to a lack of better alternatives, all of which have serious shortcomings that restrict their use. The extensive use of phosphine has led to the development of resistance among insect pests of grain, which threatens its status as a reliable fumigant. Understanding the mode of action of phosphine as well as its resistance mechanisms provides insight that may lead to improved phosphine efficacy and pest control strategies.

Efficacy and Safety of SGLT2 Inhibitors as Adjunctive Treatment in Type 1 Diabetes in a Tertiary Care Center in Saudi Arabia.

 Adjunctive treatment with sodium-glucose co-transporters 2 inhibitors (SGLT2- I) has been successfully used in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in recent years to improve glycemic control and reduce body weight without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia; however, there is a scarcity of evidence for real-world experience in their use in T1DM Saudi patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin as off-label adjunctive therapy in Saudi patients with T1DM.  This study was a retrospective study for T1DM patients, who were prescribed empagliflozin as an adjunctive therapy.

Consanguinity and Diabetes in Saudi Population: A Case-Control Study.

Background And Aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) of both types is a genetically determined disorder and is prevalent in the Saudi population. Furthermore, the rate of consanguineous marriages is also high among Saudis. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of consanguinity among people with DM and investigate the effect of consanguinity on the occurrence of diabetes at different levels.

COVID-19 Precautionary Measures and Type 1 Diabetes Patients in Saudi Arabia.

Aim: To minimize the spread of COVID-19, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) enforced a nationwide lockdown. We aimed to explore whether the manner in which Saudi patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) manage their disease has changed during this unparalleled lockdown.

Methods: An online survey exploring the effect of lockdown on T1D outcomes was distributed among T1D patients residing in KSA during lockdown.

Sex Differences in Oral Health and the Consumption of Sugary Diets in a Saudi Arabian Population.

Background And Purpose: Adolescence is a crucial period for developing healthy lifestyle and dietary habits. The growing consumption of high-sugar foods and beverages constitutes a serious public health concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate sex differences in the consumption of a sugary diet and oral health among Saudi adolescents.

Glycemic Variability in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Saudis Using Ambulatory Glucose Profile.

Background: Glucose variability (GV) is a common and challenging clinical entity in the management of people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The magnitude of GV in Saudi people with T1DM was not addressed before. Therefore, we aimed to study GV in a consecutive cohort of Saudis with T1DM.

Evaluation of triflumuron and pyriproxyfen as alternative candidates to control house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia.

This study was conducted to determine the susceptibility and resistance of some house fly strains of Musca domestica L. to the insect growth regulator insecticides triflumuron and pyriproxyfen in some locations in Riyadh city. Field-collected strains of M.

Severe vitamin D deficiency is not related to SARS-CoV-2 infection but may increase mortality risk in hospitalized adults: a retrospective case-control study in an Arab Gulf country.

Purpose: As the world continues to cautiously navigate its way through the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several breakthroughs in therapies and vaccines are currently being developed and scrutinized. Consequently, alternative therapies for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevention, such as vitamin D supplementation, while hypothetically promising, require substantial evidence from countries affected by COVID-19. The present retrospective case-control study aims to identify differences in vitamin D status and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients screened for SARS-CoV-2, and determine associations of vitamin D levels with increased COVID-19 risk and mortality.

Utility of Stimulated Thyroglobulin in Reclassifying Low Risk Thyroid Cancer Patients' Following Thyroidectomy and Radioactive Iodine Ablation: A 7-Year Prospective Trial.

Context: Following total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation, serum thyroglobulin levels should be undetectable to assure that patients are excellent responders and at very low risk of recurrence.

Objective: To assess the utility of stimulated (sTg) and non-stimulated (nsTg) thyroglobulin levels in prediction of patients outcomes with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) following total thyroidectomy and RAI ablation.

Method: A prospective observational study conducted at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Diabetes and Covid-19 among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre retrospective study.

Background: Information on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized Covid-19 patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) is limited in the Arab region. This study aims to fill this gap.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, medical records of hospitalized adults with confirmed Covid-19 [RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV2] at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC)-King Khaled University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from May to July 2020 were analyzed.

Clinical Features, Therapeutic Trends, and Outcome of Giant Prolactinomas: A Single-Center Experience Over a 12-Year Period.

Background: Management of giant prolactinomas presents a different challenge than the management of traditional prolactinomas.

Objective: The aim of this study was to report the largest long-term single-center study of giant prolactinomas to analyze their clinical features; define epidemiological characteristics, comorbidities, complications, treatment outcomes; and to demonstrate our experience with long-term cabergoline (CAB) treatment of these giant tumors.

Methods: A retrospective case study and clinical review of patients presenting with giant prolactinomas in the pituitary clinic at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in the period between 2006 and 2018 were included in the study.

The Magnitude and Determinants of Tinnitus among Health Science Students at King Khalid University.

Background: Tinnitus is a symptom that is defined as a subjective perception of noise in an absence of external sound. It is an indicator of auditory system abnormalities. It can also be present in individuals without any hearing abnormalities.

Attenuation of radiation toxicity by the phosphine resistance factor dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD).

Phosphine gas is an excellent fumigant for disinfesting stored grain of insect pests, but heavy reliance on phosphine has led to resistance in grain pests that threatens its efficacy. Phosphine-resistance was previously reported to be mediated by the enzyme DLD. Here we explore the relationship between phosphine toxicity and genotoxic treatments with the goal of understanding how phosphine works.

Oxygen and Arsenite Synergize Phosphine Toxicity by Distinct Mechanisms.

Phosphine is the only fumigant approved globally for general use to control insect pests in stored grain. Due to the emergence of resistance among insect pests and the lack of suitable alternative fumigants, we are investigating ways to synergistically enhance phosphine toxicity, by studying the mechanism of action of known synergists, such as oxygen, temperature, and arsenite. Under normoxia, exposure of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans for 24 h at 20°C to 70 ppm phosphine resulted in 10% mortality, but nearly 100% mortality if the oxygen concentration was increased to 80%.

Study habits and academic achievement among medical students: A comparison between male and female subjects.

Purpose: Study habits of medical students contribute to better understanding learner achievement and success. This study examines the relationship between study habits, including gender and nonacademic factors that affect learning, to investigate their relationship with performance outcomes.

Methods: This study was conducted in March 2015 at the College of Medicine and Applied Medical Science at Taif University.

Stress pre-conditioning with temperature, UV and gamma radiation induces tolerance against phosphine toxicity.

Phosphine is the only general use fumigant for the protection of stored grain, though its long-term utility is threatened by the emergence of highly phosphine-resistant pests. Given this precarious situation, it is essential to identify factors, such as stress preconditioning, that interfere with the efficacy of phosphine fumigation. We used Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism to test the effect of pre-exposure to heat and cold shock, UV and gamma irradiation on phosphine potency.

Osteopontin as a marker for response to pegylated interferon Alpha-2b treatment in Chronic HCV Saudi patients.

Background: Many recent studies support the idea that osteopontin (OPN) can be used to predict the success of pegylated interferon (PEG IFN) alpha-2b/ribavirin therapy in chronic HCV patients.

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the role of plasma OPN and its gene polymorphism at nt - 443 in response to PEG IFN in Saudi patients with chronic HCV.

Methods: Blood was collected from 87 patients with chronic hepatitis C before treatment, then patients received PEG IFN α2b plus ribavirin combination therapy.

BβArg448Lys polymorphism is associated with altered fibrin clot structure and fibrinolysis in type 2 diabetes.

Both type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and Bβ448Lys variant of fibrinogen are associated with dense fibrin clots, impaired fibrinolysis and increased cardiovascular risk. It was our objective to investigate whether BβArg448Lys adds to vascular risk by modulating fibrin network structure and/or fibrinolysis in diabetes. The primary aim was to study effects of BβArg448Lys on fibrin network characteristics in T2DM.

The Saudi clinical practice guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults.

Objective: To assist healthcare providers in evidence-based clinical decision-making for the management of overweight and obese adults in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: The Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia assembled an expert Saudi panel to produce this clinical practice guideline in 2015. In collaboration with the methodological working group from McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, which describes both the strength of recommendation and the quality of evidence 

Results: After identifying 11 questions, corresponding recommendations were agreed upon as guidance for the management of overweight and obese adults.