Lessons from a longitudinal community-based investigation of adherence to guidelines and intent to vaccinate during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health challenge. The US Centers for Disease Control published guidelines early in the pandemic emphasizing practicing good hygiene and staying at home, which were later modified.

Purpose: Using a community sample of 2152 participants in the state of Florida who responded to a series of online surveys, we tested a prediction model of adherence to guidelines and intent to vaccinate during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Risk estimation in relation to anxiety and depression for low probability negative events.

Foundational cognitive models propose that people with anxiety and depression show risk estimation bias, but most literature does not compute true risk estimation bias by comparing people's subjective risk estimates to their individualized reality (i.e., person-level objective risk).

Trait and situation-specific intolerance of uncertainty predict affective symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, a high-uncertainty situation, presents an ideal opportunity to examine how trait intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and situation-specific IU relate to each other and to mental health outcomes. The current longitudinal study examined the unique associations of trait and COVID-specific IU with general distress (anxiety and depression) and pandemic-specific concerns (pandemic stress and vaccine worry).

Methods: A community sample of Florida adults (N = 2152) was surveyed online at three timepoints.

Diabetes Care and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives of Adolescents with Diabetes, Parents, and Providers.

This study explored ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic impacted adolescents' diabetes management and psychosocial functioning, and how adolescents, parents, and providers viewed telemedicine. We present data from three studies: (1) a comparison of psychosocial functioning and glycemic levels before and after pandemic onset (n = 120 adolescents; 89% with type 1 diabetes), (2) an online survey of parents about pandemic-related stressors (n = 141), and (3) qualitative interviews with adolescents, parents, and medical providers about the pandemic's impacts on adolescents' diabetes care and mental health (n = 13 parent-adolescent dyads; 7 medical providers). Results suggested some adverse effects, including disrupting routines related to health behaviors and psychosocial functioning and impairing adolescents' quality of life.

Psychosocial and health stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic and their association with sleep quality.

Objective: We investigated how psychosocial and health stressors and related cognitive-affective factors were differentially associated with sleep quality during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods And Measures: Adults living in Florida ( = 2,152) completed a Qualtrics survey in April-May 2020 (Wave 1). Participants ( = 831) were reassessed one month later (Wave 2; May-June 2020).

The relationship between health worry, work distress, and affective symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of hopelessness and helplessness.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic presented both serious health threats and economic hardships, which were reflected in increased rates of mood and anxiety symptoms. We examined two separate distress domains, health worries and work distress, as predictors of mood and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, we considered whether these two domains might be uniquely associated with the development of dysfunctional beliefs, as a proposed mechanism to account for increased symptoms during the pandemic.

Psychosocial screening in a pediatric diabetes clinic: Adolescents' and mothers' perspectives.

Objective: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) frequently experience psychosocial concerns, and mental health screening is becoming increasingly common in routine diabetes care. However, little is known about what adolescents or their caregivers think about the role of mental health screening and intervention within the context of comprehensive diabetes care, or how their diabetes care providers should be involved in navigating mental health concerns. This study used qualitative methods to obtain the perspectives of adolescents with T1D and their caregivers regarding these issues.

Patient and Provider Views on Psychosocial Screening in a Comprehensive Diabetes Center.

Guidelines recommend routinely screening adults with diabetes for psychological concerns, but few diabetes clinics have adopted screening procedures. This study assessed patient and provider perspectives regarding the role of mental health in diabetes care, psychosocial screening procedures, and patients' support needs. Patients with diabetes (n = 15; 73.

Complexity of antidiabetic medication regimen is associated with increased diabetes-related distress in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: Diabetes-related distress is present in a high proportion of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We hypothesized that complexity of the antidiabetic medication regimen is a factor that is associated with diabetes-related distress.

Research Design And Methods: This was a retrospective study including a group of 74 patients managed at a tertiary care center.

Are Self-Efficacy and Weight Perception Associated With Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Hispanic Adolescents?

Little is known about the correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior in Hispanic adolescents. This study examined at baseline and 2-year follow-up: (1) the relationship between self-efficacy for physical activity and physical activity, (2) the association of weight perception with physical activity and sedentary behavior, and (3) whether sex moderated these associations. Hispanic adolescents ( N = 483 at baseline; age 15-17 years; 55.

Translation of the Diabetes Prevention Program to Ethnic Communities in the United States.

The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), an evidenced-based lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes (T2D), has been translated for use with ethnic minority communities throughout the United States that are disproportionately at-risk for T2D. The present paper sought to critically review ethnic translation studies of the DPP with respect to translation methods utilized, the success of these methods, and alternative or supplemental methodologies for future translation efforts. Manuscripts reviewed were found by searching PubMed and PsycINFO, using the terms: "diabetes prevention program" AND ["translation" or "ethnic"].

Cardiovascular reactivity and cardiometabolic risk in adolescents.

Background: Cardiovascular reactivity has been examined as a risk marker or factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension or cardiovascular disease, but few have examined the relationship with the metabolic syndrome.

Purpose: We examined whether cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory stress is associated with individual cardiometabolic risk factors and their co-occurrence. A significant positive relationship was hypothesized for both individual and clustered risk factors in their cross-sectional associations with reactivity to multiple stressors.

Cardiometabolic risk in adolescents: associations with physical activity, fitness, and sleep.

Background: Physical activity and fitness are independently associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction, and short sleep duration is an emerging marker of obesity. Few have examined interrelations among these factors in a comprehensive risk model.

Purpose: Investigate the influence of behavioral and lifestyle risk factors on the metabolic syndrome and inflammation.

Elevated body mass index and obesity among ethnically diverse adolescents.

Objective: To examine trends in prevalence and odds of elevated body mass index (BMI) and obesity among ethnically diverse adolescents.

Design And Setting: Data from countywide (Miami-Dade) health screenings from 1999-2005. Weight, height, days/week of vigorous activity, hours/day of sedentary activity, parental hypertension, and eating habits were reported.

The impact of cognitive behavioral group training on event-free survival in patients with myocardial infarction: the ENRICHD experience.

Objective: Although the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) treatment was designed to include individual therapy and cognitive behavioral group training for patients with depression and/or low perceived social support, only 31% of treated participants received group training. Secondary analyses classified intervention participants into two subgroups, (1) individual therapy only or (2) group training (i.e.

Predictors of treatment response for depression and inadequate social support--the ENRICHD randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To determine whether the 'dose' of treatment exposure, delivery of specific components of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), patient adherence and/or use of antidepressants predict favorable depression and social support outcomes after 6 months of cognitive behavioral treatment.

Methods: Secondary analyses of the intervention arm of the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) clinical trial involving persons with acute myocardial infarction (MI): n = 641 for the depression outcomes and n = 523 for the social support outcomes. The outcome measures were, for depression: the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D); for social support: the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument (ESSI) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS).

Lifestyle factors, body mass index, and lipid profile in adolescents.

Objective And Methods: A model specifying body mass index (BMI) as mediating the relationship between lifestyle factors (aerobic fitness determined by peak oxygen consumption; physical activity by 7-day physical activity recall; diet by 24 hr dietary recall), and lipid profile were tested in a sample of 205 adolescents (73% boys), who were on average at risk of overweight, aerobically unfit, and from ethnic minority groups.

Results: In this well-fitting model, consuming a diet low in fat and cholesterol, and being aerobically fit predicted lower BMI, which together resulted in increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreases in triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Being physically active, predicted greater aerobic fitness.

Low perceived social support and post-myocardial infarction prognosis in the enhancing recovery in coronary heart disease clinical trial: the effects of treatment.

Objective: In post hoc analyses, to examine in low perceived social support (LPSS) patients enrolled in the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) clinical trial (n = 1503), the pattern of social support following myocardial infarction (MI), the impact of psychosocial intervention on perceived support, the relationship of perceived support at the time of MI to subsequent death and recurrent MI, and the relationship of change in perceived support 6 months after MI to subsequent mortality.

Methods: Partner status (partner, no partner) and score (<12 = low support; >12 = moderate support) on the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument (ESSI) were used post hoc to define four levels of risk. The resulting 4 LPSS risk groups were compared on baseline characteristics, changes in social support, and medical outcomes to a group of concurrently enrolled acute myocardial infarction patients without depression or LPSS (MI comparison group, n = 408).

Cardiovascular and perceptual effects of reporting pain during the foot and forehead cold pressor tests.

In research involving the cold pressor test, a tacit presumption is often made that reporting pain during stimulation is not in itself reactive. This study examined whether, for the foot and forehead cold pressor tests, activities involved in reporting pain may affect (a) the evoked pattern of cardiovascular response, and (b) the magnitude of self-perceived pain. In 40 normotensive college men, increases in systolic blood pressure were greater during test sessions that included verbal ratings of pain, as compared to sessions in which pain was not reported.

Classification of individual differences in cardiovascular responsivity: the contribution of reactor type controlling for race and gender.

Classification of 150 normotensive or mildly hypertensive men and women into myocardial, vascular, or mild reactors was accomplished using a regression-based approach. The method was based on the participants' cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) reactivity to the speech presentation task. This task purportedly can elicit both myocardial and vascular responses.

The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of psychosocial risk factors in cardiac practice: the emerging field of behavioral cardiology.

Observational studies indicate that psychologic factors strongly influence the course of coronary artery disease (CAD). In this review, we examine new epidemiologic evidence for the association between psychosocial risk factors and CAD, identify pathologic mechanisms that may be responsible for this association, and describe a paradigm for studying positive psychologic factors that may act as a buffer. Because psychosocial risk factors are highly prevalent and are associated with unhealthy lifestyles, we describe the potential role of cardiologists in managing such factors.

Behavioral indices of threat and challenge in Hispanic adolescents and hemodynamic responses to a speech stressor.

Behavioral ratings of performance and nervousness during a speech were used to divide participants (n=54) into threat and challenge groups. Comparisons on cardiac output, Heather index, heart rate, vascular resistance, and blood pressure reactivity indicated greater myocardial responses for the challenge group. This study extends the threat-challenge literature by employing behavioral definitions of constructs and examining a Hispanic adolescent sample.

Psychosocial treatment within sex by ethnicity subgroups in the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease clinical trial.

Objective: Intervening in depression and/or low perceived social support within 28 days after myocardial infarction (MI) in the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) clinical trial did not increase event-free survival. The purpose of the present investigation was to conduct post hoc analyses on sex and ethnic minority subgroups to assess whether any treatment subgroup is at reduced or increased risk of greater morbidity/mortality.

Methods: The 2481 patients with MI (973 white men, 424 minority men, 674 white women, 410 minority women) who had major or minor depression and/or low perceived social support were randomly allocated to usual medical care or cognitive behavior therapy.