Incontinence in frail elderly persons: Report of the 6th International Consultation on Incontinence.

Background: Evidence-based guidelines for the management of frail older persons with urinary incontinence are rare. Those produced by the International Consultation on Incontinence represent an authoritative set of recommendations spanning all aspects of management.

Aims: To summarize the available evidence relating to the management of urinary incontinence in frail older people published since the 5th International Consultation on Incontinence.

Development of a core set of outcome measures for OAB treatment.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Standardized measures enable the comparison of outcomes across providers and treatments giving valuable information for improving care quality and efficacy. The aim of this project was to define a minimum standard set of outcome measures and case-mix factors for evaluating the care of patients with overactive bladder (OAB).

Methods: The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) convened an international working group (WG) of leading clinicians and patients to engage in a structured method for developing a core outcome set.

Challenges of honesty.

The analytic method builds on honesty, specifically in the moment-to-moment events of the micro-process. Ferenczi was a researcher who experimented with the limits (including the limits of honesty) of the method to its extremes. Honesty is a moral virtue, and from that perspective all events and phenomena of the moment have an ethical aspect.

Urinary incontinence in frail elderly persons: Report from the 5th International Consultation on Incontinence.

Background: Evidence based guidelines for the management of frail older persons with urinary incontinence are rare. Those produced by the International Consultation on Incontinence represent an authoritative set of recommendations spanning all aspects of management.

Aims: To update the recommendations of the 4th ICI.

Adherence to occupational therapist recommendations for home modifications for falls prevention.

Objective: This study examined adherence to home modification recommendations made by an occupational therapist and attempted to identify predictors of adherence.

Method: An experienced occupational therapist visited the homes of 178 people (mean age = 764 years) to evaluate for and recommend appropriate home modifications for falls prevention. One year later, a research assistant visited these persons' homes to assess adherence.

[Not Available].

The Budapest model of supervision has been left out from the renewed discussions and research projects. The author highlights some historical backgrounds in the development of the practice of supervision, which are connected with the organisational development of the international psychoanalytical movement. He explores Vilma Kovacs seminal paper on the Hungarian model of supervision.

Urinary symptoms and incontinence in an urban community: prevalence and associated factors in older men and women.

Background: There is increasing recognition of the importance of a wide range of urinary symptoms in both men and women and that these symptoms are undertreated.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of and factors associated with urinary symptoms, including nocturia, urgency, urge and stress incontinence and, in men, urinary stream difficulties; and the prevalence of being bothered by the symptoms and ever seeking treatment for them.

Method: Household survey by computer-assisted telephone interviews of people aged 41 years and over and living in inner metropolitan Sydney.

The cost effectiveness of a home hazard reduction program to reduce falls among older persons.

Background: The effectiveness of individual components (other than exercise) of multifactorial intervention packages aimed to reduce the incidence of falls in older people is uncertain. There have been no randomised trials of home modifications alone for the prevention of falls.

Objectives: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of just one component of a multifactorial approach to falls prevention, that is, a home hazard reduction program.

Prospective study of the impact of fear of falling on activities of daily living, SF-36 scores, and nursing home admission.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of fear of falling on the health of older people.

Methods: A total of 528 subjects (mean age 77 years) were recruited from two hospitals in Sydney, Australia, and followed for approximately 12 months. Eighty-five subjects died during follow-up, and 31 were admitted to an aged care institution.

The application of ultrastructural studies in the diagnosis of bladder dysfunction in a clinical setting.

Purpose: We examine the ultrastructural changes reported to be present in dysfunctional bladders and determine whether they can be used as a predictor of urodynamic diagnosis in a clinical setting.

Materials And Methods: Subjects who required urodynamic diagnosis and cystoscopy as part of clinical management were recruited for this study. After urodynamic diagnosis cases were classified into 1 of 5 dysfunction groups as normal bladder outflow obstruction, idiopathic sensory urgency, obstruction with detrusor instability and pure detrusor instability.

Home visits by an occupational therapist for assessment and modification of environmental hazards: a randomized trial of falls prevention.

Objective: To determine whether occupational therapist home visits targeted at environmental hazards reduce the risk of falls.

Design: A randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Private dwellings in the community in Sydney, Australia.

Oxybutynin with bladder retraining for detrusor instability in elderly people: a randomized controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of oxybutynin plus bladder training in the treatment of detrusor instability in frail elderly patients living independently in the community. It was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group trial of oxybutynin in 57 elderly patients (mean age 82.2, SD 6.

Controlled trial evaluation of a General Practitioner education package on incontinence: use of a mailed questionnaire.

Objective: To evaluate whether an education package will significantly improve General Practitioners' knowledge of the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of incontinence.

Subjects And Methods: Of the 510 General Practitioners contacted 124 returned a 27 item questionnaire (q1). The doctors were randomized into a test group (n = 80) who received an education package and a control group (n = 44) who did not.

A comparative study of 99mTc and 131I in thyroid scanning.

Thyroid scans performed with both 99mTc pertechnetate (99mTcO4) and (131I) were compared in 46 patients with palpable thyroid nodules to determine whether 131I scanning is any longer a necessary procedure. A discrepancy between the two types of scan existed in only three cases, in one of which the thyroid nodule showed uptake of 99mTcO4 but not of 131I. Subsequent surgery revealed a thyroid malignancy in this patient.

Extra-lysosomal, fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase-active neuronal system subserving nociception in the rat cornea.

Perikarya as well as central and peripheral terminals of nociceptive neurons innervating the rat cornea are genuinely labelled by an extra-lysosomal, fluoride resistant iso-enzyme of acid phosphatase. This enzyme seems to be related to the metabolism of transmitter oligopeptides characterizing such neurons.

A simple and rapid determination of the lecithin/sphingomyelin (LS) ratio in amniotic fluids and in pharyngeal aspirates of newborn infants.

A simple, rapid method for the routine determination of the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in amniotic fluid and/or in pharyngeal aspirate of the newborn has been developed. In 33 samples of amniotic fluid at various gestational ages, an L/S ratio corresponding to the fetal age was found: in 16 samples of biochemically immature amniotic fluid (gestation age less than 34 weeks) the mean of the ratio was 1.26 and in 17 samples of mature amniotic fluid (gestation age greater than 35 weeks) the mean value was 3.

[Interpersonal exposure to danger and risk-taking in the group therapy process].

The writer singles out from the complexities of the group psychotherapeutic process the dynamic pair: inter-personal exposure to danger and the taking of risk. According to his empirical experience and tests the degree of risk-taking is a good parameter for assessing the psychotherapeutic process. For this purpose the inter-action matrix devised by Hill proves itself most useful.

[Report on research into the methods of group psychotherapy].

An attempt has been made by the present authors to arrive at a better understanding of and describe, the process of group therapy and its dynamics by means of an intensive and multidimensional study of a group of hospitalized neurotics undergoing psychotherapeutic treatment. The records of twenty group sessions, which were obtained from tape recordings, were analyzed by Hill's method with regard to their contents. Also, sociometric records were made of selected sessions, and we analyzed all of the various sessions and studies with regard to their latent manifestational contents.