A Compensated Clock: Temperature and Nutritional Compensation Mechanisms Across Circadian Systems.

Circadian rhythms are ∼24-h biological oscillations that enable organisms to anticipate daily environmental cycles, so that they may designate appropriate day/night functions that align with these changes. The molecular clock in animals and fungi consists of a transcription-translation feedback loop, the plant clock is comprised of multiple interlocking feedback-loops, and the cyanobacterial clock is driven by a phosphorylation cycle involving three main proteins. Despite the divergent core clock mechanisms across these systems, all circadian clocks are able to buffer period length against changes in the ambient growth environment, such as temperature and nutrients.

Foods, dietary patterns, and risk of vascular dementia: a systematic review.

Background: Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common cause of dementia globally and is associated with a significant economic and social burden. Diet could represent an important tractable risk factor for VaD. We synthesised current evidence on associations between consumption of specific foods or dietary patterns and VaD risk.

The effects of whey protein supplementation on indices of cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases highlights the urgent need for practical interventions to mitigate their associated public health burden. Whey protein supplementation has emerged as a potential intervention for improving markers of cardiometabolic health. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effect of whey protein ingestion on cardiometabolic profile in adults.

Lipoxin A yields an electrophilic 15-oxo metabolite that mediates FPR2 receptor-independent anti-inflammatory signaling.

The enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid is proposed to yield trihydroxytetraene species (termed lipoxins) that resolve inflammation via ligand activation of the formyl peptide receptor, FPR2. While cell and murine models activate signaling responses to synthetic lipoxins, primarily lipoxin A (LXA), there are expanding concerns about the reported biological formation, detection, and signaling mechanisms ascribed to LXA and related di- and tri-hydroxy ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids. The generation and signaling actions of LXA and its primary 15-oxo metabolite were assessed in control, lipopolysaccharide-activated, and arachidonic acid-supplemented RAW264.

Fertility Planning Is More Critical Now Than Ever.

Comprehensive fertility care has been reduced in many parts of the United States following the U.S. Supreme Court decision in June 2022 in the Dobbs v.

Patient-reported pregnancy loss and maternal complications: Insights from the sickle cell disease implementation consortium.

Objective: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with complications during pregnancy and can negatively influence maternal outcomes. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of maternal morbidity among participants enrolled in an eight-site SCD Implementation Consortium (SCDIC) registry.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of female registry participants, aged 15-45 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of SCD.

A mixed-methods evaluation of a longitudinal primary-secondary school transitions support intervention.

Introduction: Primary-secondary school transitions are critical transitions for children that can be emotionally demanding longitudinal experiences, which can positively and negatively impact future emotional wellbeing and mental health. However, interventions that have been developed to reduce the negative outcomes children commonly experience are limited in number, sustainability, and reach and rely on a cross-sectional approach, as opposed to longitudinal evaluations. The current study evaluates , a universal, class-based 9-week intervention to develop children's awareness and ability to cope with the multiple changes experienced over primary-secondary school transitions.

Specific vegetable types are associated with lower long-term risk for late-life dementia: the Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging Women.

This study examined the relationship between total vegetable intake, including specific vegetable types with long-term late-life dementia (LLD) risk in older Australian women. 1206 community-dwelling older women aged ≥70 years were included. Consumption of total vegetable intake and vegetable types (yellow/orange/red [YOR], cruciferous, allium, green leafy vegetables [GLV], and legumes) were estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1998).

Implementation of Genetic Carrier Screening at Gynecologic-Related Visits.

Objective: To increase patients' knowledge and access to genetic carrier screening (GCS) in a gynecologic setting by implementing a protocol to universally offer GCS education and screening to reproductive-age women during the preconception period at gynecologic-related visits.

Design: The model for improvement quality improvement process model was used to guide this initiative.

Local Problem/setting: Screening for genetic disease has been a part of preconception and genetic care for the past 50 years.

The application and interpretation of laboratory biomarkers for the evaluation of vitamin B12 status.

Vitamin B (cobalamin; B) is an essential micronutrient, but deficiency is common. The prompt diagnosis and treatment of B deficiency protects against megaloblastic anaemia, neuropathy and neuropsychiatric changes. Biomarkers of B status include the measurement of serum B (also known as total B or serum cobalamin), holotranscobalamin (holoTC or 'active B12'), methylmalonic acid (MMA) and total plasma homocysteine (Hcy).

Challenges in Conducting Exercise Recovery Studies in Older Adults and Considerations for Future Research: Findings from a Nutritional Intervention Study.

Maximising the potential benefit of resistance exercise (RE) programs by ensuring optimal recovery is an important aim of exercise prescription. Despite this, research surrounding recovery from RE in older adults is limited and inconsistent. The following randomised controlled trial was designed to investigate the efficacy of milk consumption for improving recovery from RE in older adults.

The association between selenium status and global and attention-specific cognition in very old adults in the Newcastle 85+ Study: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.

Background: Selenium has potential safeguarding properties against cognitive decline, because of its role in protecting DNA, proteins, and lipids in the brain from oxidative damage. However, acute and chronic overexposure to selenium can be neurotoxic.

Objective: The aim of this analysis was to explore the association between selenium status [serum selenium and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) concentrations and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) activity] and cognitive function in 85-y olds living in Northeast England at baseline and ≤5 y of follow-up.

Merlin phosphorylation regulates meningioma Wnt signaling and magnetic resonance imaging features.

Meningiomas are associated with inactivation of NF2/Merlin, but approximately one-third of meningiomas with favorable clinical outcomes retain Merlin expression. Biochemical mechanisms underlying Merlin-intact meningioma growth are incompletely understood, and non-invasive biomarkers that may be used to guide treatment de-escalation or imaging surveillance are lacking. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing, proximity-labeling proteomic mass spectrometry, mechanistic and functional approaches, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) across meningioma xenografts and patients to define biochemical mechanisms and an imaging biomarker that underlie Merlin-intact meningiomas.

EGFR and EGFRvIII coopt host defense pathways, promoting progression in glioblastoma.

Background: Co-amplification of EGFR and EGFRvIII, a tumor-specific truncation mutant of EGFR, represent hallmark genetic lesions in glioblastoma.

Methods: We used phospho-proteomics, RNA-sequencing, TCGA data and glioblastoma cell culture and mouse models to study the signal transduction mediated by EGFR and EGFRvIII.

Results: We report that EGFR and EGFRvIII stimulate the innate immune defense receptor Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2); and that knockout of TLR2 dramatically improved survival in orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts.

Are there interindividual differences in the reactive hypoglycaemia response to breakfast? A replicate crossover trial.

Background: Following consumption of a meal, circulating glucose concentrations can rise and then fall briefly below the basal/fasting concentrations. This phenomenon is known as reactive hypoglycaemia but to date no researcher has explored potential inter-individual differences in response to meal consumption.

Objective: We conducted a secondary analysis of existing data to examine inter-individual variability of reactive hypoglycaemia in response to breakfast consumption.

Elevations in plasma glucagon are associated with reduced insulin clearance after ingestion of a mixed-macronutrient meal in people with and without type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: The temporal suppression of insulin clearance after glucose ingestion is a key determinant of glucose tolerance for people without type 2 diabetes. Whether similar adaptations are observed after the ingestion of a mixed-macronutrient meal is unclear.

Methods: In a secondary analysis of data derived from two randomised, controlled trials, we studied the temporal responses of insulin clearance after the ingestion of a standardised breakfast meal consisting of cereal and milk in lean normoglycaemic individuals (n=12; Lean-NGT), normoglycaemic individuals with central obesity (n=11; Obese-NGT) and in people with type 2 diabetes (n=19).

Ethical considerations in public engagement: developing tools for assessing the boundaries of research and involvement.

Public engagement with research (PEwR) has become increasingly integral to research practices. This paper explores the process and outcomes of a collaborative effort to address the ethical implications of PEwR activities and develop tools to navigate them within the context of a University Medical School. The activities this paper reflects on aimed to establish boundaries between research data collection and PEwR activities, support colleagues in identifying the ethical considerations relevant to their planned activities, and build confidence and capacity among staff to conduct PEwR projects.

Enhancing community engagement, public involvement, and social capital through researchers' participation in community dance projects: unexpected outcomes in underserved communities.

Background: The Dance and Health project aimed to promote public involvement in health research. Public involvement leads worked with project partner community groups, Aakash Odedra Dance Company and Moving Together, to develop a community engagement project with people living in low-socioeconomic areas/deprivation and diverse ethnic minority groups. Dance and Health included a weekly 60-min dance class and 30 min of facilitated health science discussion, that could either be a public involvement discussion for a research project, an activity about a particular biomedical research theme or ongoing discussions with a visiting researcher.

Targeted delivery of TGF-β mRNA to lung parenchyma using one-component ionizable amphiphilic Janus Dendrimers.

Current clinical strategies for the delivery of pulmonary therapeutics to the lung are primarily targeted to the upper portions of the airways. However, targeted delivery to the lower regions of the lung is necessary for the treatment of parenchymal lung injury and disease. Here, we have developed an mRNA therapeutic for the lower lung using one-component Ionizable Amphiphilic Janus Dendrimers (IAJDs) as a delivery vehicle.

Mapping Differential Protein-Protein Interaction Networks using Affinity Purification Mass Spectrometry.

Proteins congregate into complexes to perform fundamental cellular functions. Phenotypic outcomes, in health and disease, are often mechanistically driven by the remodeling of protein complexes by protein-coding mutations or cellular signaling changes in response to molecular cues. Here, we present an affinity purification-mass spectrometry (APMS) proteomics protocol to quantify and visualize global changes in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks between pairwise conditions.