Blip-up blip-down circular EPI (BUDA-cEPI) for distortion-free dMRI with rapid unrolled deep learning reconstruction.

Purpose: BUDA-cEPI has been shown to achieve high-quality, high-resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) with fast acquisition time, particularly when used in conjunction with S-LORAKS reconstruction. However, this comes at a cost of more complex reconstruction that is computationally prohibitive. In this work we develop rapid reconstruction pipeline for BUDA-cEPI to pave the way for its deployment in routine clinical and neuroscientific applications.

Spherical echo-planar time-resolved imaging (sEPTI) for rapid 3D quantitative and susceptibility imaging.

Purpose: To develop a 3D spherical EPTI (sEPTI) acquisition and a comprehensive reconstruction pipeline for rapid high-quality whole-brain submillimeter and QSM quantification.

Methods: For the sEPTI acquisition, spherical k-space coverage is utilized with variable echo-spacing and maximum k ramp-sampling to improve efficiency and signal incoherency compared to existing EPTI approaches. For reconstruction, an iterative rank-shrinking B estimation and odd-even high-order phase correction algorithms were incorporated into the reconstruction to better mitigate artifacts from field imperfections.

Membrane lateral organization from potential energy disconnectivity graph.

Understanding the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of biomolecules requires elucidation of their complex energy landscape. A disconnectivity graph analysis of the energy landscape provides a framework for mapping the multi-dimensional landscape onto a two-dimensional representation while preserving the key features of the energy landscape. Several studies show that the structure or shape of the disconnectity graph is directly associated with the function of protein and nucleic acid molecules.

Retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, and foveal hypoplasia associated with 3q27.1q27.2 microdeletion: a case report.

Terminal deletions of chromosome 3q are associated with a heterogenous clinical phenotype, which includes growth restriction, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. However, little has been published on the ophthalmic impacts of chromosome 3q deletions. We report a 9-year-old boy with a 1.

Selective Targeting of αβ/MAdCAM-1 Axis Suppresses Fibrosis Progression by Reducing Proinflammatory T Cell Recruitment to the Liver.

Integrin αβ+ T cells perpetuate tissue injury in chronic inflammatory diseases, yet their role in hepatic fibrosis progression remains poorly understood. Here, we report increased accumulation of αβ+ T cells in the liver of people with cirrhosis relative to disease controls. Similarly, hepatic fibrosis in the established mouse model of CCl-induced liver fibrosis was associated with enrichment of intrahepatic αβ+ CD4 and CD8 T cells.

Telomere-lengthening germline variants predispose to a syndromic papillary thyroid cancer subtype.

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. 10% to 15% of individuals show familial clustering with three or more affected members, but the factors underlying this risk are unknown. In a group of recently studied individuals with POT1 pathogenic variants and ultra-long telomere length, PTC was the second most common solid tumor.

Efficacy of Oral Dextrose versus Acetaminophen versus Placebo on Pain Relief during Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye Examinations: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To assess the effect of oral dextrose versus acetaminophen versus placebo in pain relief in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) examination.

Methods: In this prospective randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial study performed in the ophthalmology clinic of Shafa Hospital (referral hospital for eye disease), Kerman, Iran, 105 premature neonates with birth weight ≤2000 g and gestational age between 28 and 34 weeks were studied. Pain score measurement with Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R) during ROP examination in three intervention groups, acetaminophen group (15 mg/kg oral acetaminophen), dextrose group (one cc of oral dextrose 50%), and placebo group (one cc of distilled water), was done.

Combining Bioorthogonal Chemistry with Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles for the Ultrasensitive Detection of the HIV-1 p24 Antigen.

Early detection and viral concentration monitoring of human immunodeficiency virus in resource-poor settings are important to control disease spread and reduce mortality. Nucleic acid amplification tests are expensive for low-resource settings. Lateral flow antibody tests are not sensitive if testing is performed within 7-10 days, and these tests are not quantitative.

A Prospective Observational Study Comparing Oxygen Saturation/Fraction of Inspired Oxygen Ratio with Partial Pressure of Oxygen in Arterial Blood/Fraction of Inspired Oxygen Ratio among Critically Ill Patients Requiring Different Modes of Oxygen Supplementation in Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients face a significant rise in mortality rates due to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). The diagnosis of AHRF is based on the PF ratio, but it has limitations in resource-constrained settings. Instead, the Kigali modification suggests using the oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen (SF) ratio.

Tailoring T profiles enhances antibody persistence to a clade C HIV-1 vaccine in rhesus macaques.

CD4 T follicular helper cells (T) are essential for establishing serological memory and have distinct helper attributes that impact both the quantity and quality of the antibody response. Insights into T subsets that promote antibody persistence and functional capacity can critically inform vaccine design. Based on the T profiles evoked by the live attenuated measles virus vaccine, renowned for its ability to establish durable humoral immunity, we investigated the potential of a T1/17 recall response during the boost phase to enhance persistence of HIV-1 Envelope (Env) antibodies in rhesus macaques.

High-resolution myelin-water fraction and quantitative relaxation mapping using 3D ViSTa-MR fingerprinting.

Purpose: This study aims to develop a high-resolution whole-brain multi-parametric quantitative MRI approach for simultaneous mapping of myelin-water fraction (MWF), T, T, and proton-density (PD), all within a clinically feasible scan time.

Methods: We developed 3D visualization of short transverse relaxation time component (ViSTa)-MRF, which combined ViSTa technique with MR fingerprinting (MRF), to achieve high-fidelity whole-brain MWF and T/T/PD mapping on a clinical 3T scanner. To achieve fast acquisition and memory-efficient reconstruction, the ViSTa-MRF sequence leverages an optimized 3D tiny-golden-angle-shuffling spiral-projection acquisition and joint spatial-temporal subspace reconstruction with optimized preconditioning algorithm.

Deep analysis of CD4 T cells in the rhesus CNS during SIV infection.

Virologic suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved health outcomes for people living with HIV, yet challenges related to chronic inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS)-known as Neuro-HIV- persist. As primary targets for HIV-1 with the ability to survey and populate the CNS and interact with myeloid cells to co-ordinate neuroinflammation, CD4 T cells are pivotal in Neuro-HIV. Despite their importance, our understanding of CD4 T cell distribution in virus-targeted CNS tissues, their response to infection, and potential recovery following initiation of ART remain limited.

Re-Evaluating Human Cytomegalovirus Vaccine Design: Prediction of T Cell Epitopes.

HCMV vaccine development has traditionally focused on viral antigens identified as key targets of neutralizing antibody (NAb) and/or T cell responses in healthy adults with chronic HCMV infection, such as glycoprotein B (gB), the glycoprotein H-anchored pentamer complex (PC), and the unique long 83 (UL83)-encoded phosphoprotein 65 (pp65). However, the protracted absence of a licensed HCMV vaccine that reduces the risk of infection in pregnancy regardless of serostatus warrants a systematic reassessment of assumptions informing vaccine design. To illustrate this imperative, we considered the hypothesis that HCMV proteins detected as targets of T cell responses may contain important vaccine antigens.

DTI-MR fingerprinting for rapid high-resolution whole-brain T , T , proton density, ADC, and fractional anisotropy mapping.

Purpose: This study aims to develop a high-efficiency and high-resolution 3D imaging approach for simultaneous mapping of multiple key tissue parameters for routine brain imaging, including T , T , proton density (PD), ADC, and fractional anisotropy (FA). The proposed method is intended for pushing routine clinical brain imaging from weighted imaging to quantitative imaging and can also be particularly useful for diffusion-relaxometry studies, which typically suffer from lengthy acquisition time.

Methods: To address challenges associated with diffusion weighting, such as shot-to-shot phase variation and low SNR, we integrated several innovative data acquisition and reconstruction techniques.

AI computing reaches for the edge.

A chip design integrates computation and memory to efficiently process data at low energy cost.

CCR7+ CD4 T Cell Immunosurveillance Disrupted in Chronic SIV-Induced Neuroinflammation in Rhesus Brain.

Unlabelled: CD4 T cells survey and maintain immune homeostasis in the brain, yet their differentiation states and functional capabilities remain unclear. Our approach, combining single-cell transcriptomic analysis, ATAC-seq, spatial transcriptomics, and flow cytometry, revealed a distinct subset of CCR7+ CD4 T cells resembling lymph node central memory (T ) cells. We observed chromatin accessibility at the CCR7, CD28, and BCL-6 loci, defining molecular features of T .

CD4 T cell Responses in the CNS during SIV infection.

Virologic suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved health outcomes for people living with HIV, yet challenges related to chronic inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) - known as Neuro-HIV- persist. As primary targets for HIV-1 with the ability to survey and populate the CNS and interact with myeloid cells to co-ordinate neuroinflammation, CD4 T cells are pivotal in Neuro-HIV. Despite their importance, our understanding of CD4 T cell distribution in virus-targeted CNS tissues, their response to infection, and potential recovery following initiation of ART remain limited.

Tailoring Tfh Profiles Enhances Antibody Persistence to a Clade C HIV-1 Vaccine in Rhesus Macaques.

CD4 T follicular helper cells (Tfh) are essential for establishing serological memory and have distinct helper attributes that impact both the quantity and quality of the antibody response. Insights into Tfh subsets that promote antibody persistence and functional capacity can critically inform vaccine design. Based on the Tfh profiles evoked by the live attenuated measles virus vaccine, renowned for its ability to establish durable humoral immunity, we investigated the potential of a Tfh1/17 recall response during the boost phase to enhance persistence of HIV-1 Envelope (Env) antibodies in rhesus macaques.

The NSL complex is required for piRNA production from telomeric clusters.

The NSL complex is a transcriptional activator. Germline-specific knockdown of NSL complex subunits NSL1, NSL2, and NSL3 results in reduced piRNA production from a subset of bidirectional piRNA clusters, accompanied by widespread transposon derepression. The piRNAs most transcriptionally affected by NSL2 and NSL1 RNAi map to telomeric piRNA clusters.

Comparison of admission GCS score to admission GCS-P and FOUR scores for prediction of outcomes among patients with traumatic brain injury in the intensive care unit in India.

Background: This study aimed to determine the predictive power of the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score and the Glasgow Coma Scale Pupil (GCS-P) score in determining outcomes for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to evaluate patients at 1 month and 6 months after the injury.

Methods: We conducted a 15-month prospective observational study.

High-fidelity mesoscale in-vivo diffusion MRI through gSlider-BUDA and circular EPI with S-LORAKS reconstruction.

Purpose: To develop a high-fidelity diffusion MRI acquisition and reconstruction framework with reduced echo-train-length for less T* image blurring compared to typical highly accelerated echo-planar imaging (EPI) acquisitions at sub-millimeter isotropic resolution.

Methods: We first proposed a circular-EPI trajectory with partial Fourier sampling on both the readout and phase-encoding directions to minimize the echo-train-length and echo time. We then utilized this trajectory in an interleaved two-shot EPI acquisition with reversed phase-encoding polarity, to aid in the correction of off-resonance-induced image distortions and provide complementary k-space coverage in the missing partial Fourier regions.

Caregiver Experience of Tele-dementia Care for Older Veterans.

Background: For the 5 million persons living with dementia (PLWD) in the USA, telemedicine may improve access to specialty care from their homes.

Objective: To elicit informal caregiver perceptions of tele-dementia care provided during COVID-19.

Design: Qualitative, observational study using grounded theory.

Deep Learning Initialized Compressed Sensing (Deli-CS) in Volumetric Spatio-Temporal Subspace Reconstruction.

Introduction: Spatio-temporal MRI methods enable whole-brain multi-parametric mapping at ultra-fast acquisition times through efficient k-space encoding, but can have very long reconstruction times, which limit their integration into clinical practice. Deep learning (DL) is a promising approach to accelerate reconstruction, but can be computationally intensive to train and deploy due to the large dimensionality of spatio-temporal MRI. DL methods also need large training data sets and can produce results that don't match the acquired data if data consistency is not enforced.