Long-term quality of life after preoperative radiochemotherapy in patients with localized and locally advanced breast cancer.

Background: Preoperative radiotherapy (PRT) or radiochemotherapy (PRCT) is used in different tumor sites. The aim of the study was to examine the long-term quality of life (QoL) of localized / locally advanced breast cancer patients treated with PRT/PRCT followed by breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy (ME).

Methods: Assessment of QoL was done using EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaires for overall QoL and EORTC QLQ-BR23 for breast-specific QoL.

Long-term cosmetic outcome after preoperative radio-/chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer patients.

Background: Preoperative radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy (PRT/PCRT) represent an increasingly used clinical strategy in different tumor sites. We have previously reported on a PRT/PRCT protocol in patients with locally advanced non-inflammatory breast cancer (LABC) with promising clinical results. However, concerns regarding a possible unfavorable influence on cosmesis still exist.

Long-term outcome after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in locally advanced noninflammatory breast cancer and predictive factors for a pathologic complete remission : results of a multivariate analysis.

Background: An earlier published series of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (NRT-CHX) in locally advanced noninflammatory breast cancer (LABC) has now been updated with a follow-up of more than 15 years. Long-term outcome data and predictive factors for pathologic complete response (pCR) were analyzed.

Patients And Methods: During 1991-1998, 315 LABC patients (cT1-cT4/cN0-N1) were treated with NRT-CHX.

Nitrogen requirement of pregnant gilts.

Eleven Yorkshire x Landrace gravid gilts were used in two Latin square trials to determine the N requirement for pregnancy. Semipurified diets were formulated to be adequate in indispensable amino acids (IAA) and other nutrients. Diets were fed once daily (1.

Estimation of the isoleucine and aromatic amino acid requirements of pregnant swine.

The requirements of the pregnant gilt for isoleucine (Ile), total aromatic amino acids (TAAA), phenylalanine (Phe) and the replacement of Phe with tyrosine (Tyr) were investigated in these studies. Five balanced 6 x 6 latin-square arrangements of treatments and time periods were conducted with six pregnant gilts in each trial. Each diet treatment was fed (1.

Partitioning nitrogen and amino acids for pregnancy and lactation in swine: a review.

Nitrogen and amino acid requirements for maintenance, maternal growth, mammary growth and products of conception were partitioned on the basis of data from numerous sources. These data were compared with N retention values obtained from balance trials conducted during pregnancy. Carefully conducted N balance trials will yield N retention data that are reasonably comparable with N deposition data determined from tissue analyses.

Phenylalanine requirement of the lactating sow.

Six mature Yorkshire X Landrace sows were randomly assigned to a 6 X 6 Latin-square experiment on d 3 of lactation to determine the phenylalanine (Phe) requirement in the presence of excess tyrosine (Tyr). A control diet of corn sugar, cornstarch, whey, L-glutamic acid, solka floc, soybean oil, amino acids, minerals and vitamins was supplemented with L-Phe to provide .175, .

Aromatic amino acid requirement of the lactating sow.

Six mature Yorkshire X Landrace sows were randomly assigned to a 6 X 6 Latin-square experiment on d 5 of lactation to determine the total phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr) requirement. A control diet of corn sugar, cornstarch, whey, L-glutamic acid, solka floc, soybean oil, amino acids, minerals and vitamins was supplemented with L-Phe to provide .30 (basal), .

Estimating milk yield of sows.

Hourly milk yields were obtained for nine consecutive hours at d 14 of lactation from 92 crossbred (four breed) sows during their first and second lactations. Additionally, milk yields were obtained at d 14 and 20 of lactation from 175 mature Yorkshire X Landrace sows for nine consecutive hours. Each measurement (4,806 observations) was obtained by weighing the pigs before and after each hourly nursing.

Efficacy of nosiheptide as a growth promotant for growing-finishing swine--a cooperative study.

A cooperative study involving 296 pigs was conducted at two experiment stations and at a commercial research farm to evaluate the efficacy of nosiheptide as a growth promotant for growing-finishing swine. At each station, five or six replicate pens of four or five pigs/pen were fed a fortified, corn-soybean meal basal diet with 0, 5.5, 11 or 22 ppm nosiheptide.

Valine requirement for reproduction in swine.

Five levels of L-valine [3.3 (basal), 5.5, 7.

Protein-amino nutrition of nonruminant animals with emphasis on the pig: past, present and future.

During the period of 1958 to 1983, the fortified corn-soybean meal diet became standard for swine production systems. Dietary formulation changed from a protein to an amino acid basis. Amino acid requirements were established for all classes of swine.

Threonine requirement for reproduction in swine.

An experiment was conducted to estimate the threonine requirement of pregnant swine. L-threonine was added to a fortified corn-gelatin diet and fed at a rate to provide five threonine levels of 3.59, 4.

Valine requirement of the lactating sow.

An experiment was conducted using production and metabolic criteria to estimate the valine requirement of the lactating sow. Ground corn, gelatin, corn sugar, vitamins, minerals and indispensable amino acids were used to formulate a diet containing all the essential nutrients except valine. L-valine was added to provide .