[Guidelines from the Infectious Disease Committee of the French Association of Urology and The Neuro-Urology Committee of the AFU: antibiotic prophylaxis for sacral neuromodulation].

Introduction: In urology, antibiotic prophylaxis is advised by the French Association of anesthesiology (SFAR) and the Infectious Disease Committee of the French Association of urology guidelines published in 2010. No guideline exists concerning the implantation of neuromodulation implants.

Material And Method: A literature analysis was performed on sacral modulation and antibiotic prophylaxis.

Coupling membrane separation and photocatalytic oxidation processes for the degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants.

The coupling of membrane separation and photocatalytic oxidation has been studied for the removal of pharmaceutical pollutants. The retention properties of two different membranes (nanofiltration and reverse osmosis) were assessed. Comparable selectivity on the separation of pharmaceuticals were observed for both membranes, obtaining a permeate stream with concentrations of each pharmaceutical below 0.

Virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates harboring bla KPC-2 carbapenemase gene in a Caenorhabditis elegans model.

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) is a carbapenemase increasingly reported worldwide in Enterobacteriaceae. The aim of this study was to analyze the virulence of several KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae isolates.

Chelidonium majus L. does not potentiate the hepatic effect of acetaminophen.

Aim: The present study assessed the ability of Chelidonium majus to potentiate the hepatic effect of a sub-toxic dose of acetaminophen, in rats.

Results: C. majus, when administered alone, did not alter the liver function parameters in male, whereas an increase in fibrinogen level was found in female rats.

Genotoxicity assessment of β-caryophyllene oxide.

β-caryophyllene oxide is a biciclic sesquiterpene, occurring naturally in essential oils from various medicinal and edible plants and used as a flavouring agent. Due to its potential hazardous chemical structure, the European Food Safety Authority reported to be pending a safety assessment for this compound. Here, this flavouring agent was tested for its mutagenic effect in the Ames test and micronucleus assay.

Recurrent cystitis in post-menopausal patients more or less than 65 years of age.

Objective: We conducted a prospective monocentric study to confirm the difference in clinical, biological, bacteriological, and radiological presentations of patients with recurrent cystitis in patients more or less than 65 years of age.

Patients And Method: We analyzed the characteristics of post-menopausal patients with recurrent cystitis. We compared patients less than 65 years of age to patients more than 65 years of age.

Molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from inpatients with infected diabetic foot ulcers in an Algerian University Hospital.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen cultured from diabetic foot infection (DFI). The consequence of its spread to soft tissue and bony structures is a major causal factor for lower-limb amputation. The objective of the study was to explore ecological data and epidemiological characteristics of S.

Faecal carriage of oxyiminocephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae among paediatric units in different hospitals in the south of France.

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of oxyiminocephalosporin-resistant (OCR) Gram-negative bacilli and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates in stool specimens obtained from paediatric patients hospitalised for acute diarrhoea. We conducted a prospective, multicentre study over a period of 6 months in seven hospitals in the south of France. Samplings were carried out from infants admitted for acute diarrhoea with no previous antibiotic treatment in the last week.

Nano-WS2 embedded PES membrane with improved fouling and permselectivity.

The application of nanoparticles as additives in membrane synthesis for improving the resistance of membranes against fouling has triggered recent interest in new membrane types. However, most nanoparticle-enhanced membranes suffer from the tradeoff between permeability and selectivity. In this paper, nano-WS2 was explored as the additive in membrane synthesis by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS).

An adaptive response of Enterobacter aerogenes to imipenem: regulation of porin balance in clinical isolates.

Imipenem (IPM) is a carbapenem antibiotic frequently used in severe hospital infections. Several reports have mentioned the emergence of resistant isolates exhibiting membrane modifications. A study was conducted between September 2005 and August 2007 to survey infections due to Enterobacter aerogenes in patients hospitalised in a French university hospital.

Antimutagenic thio compounds from Sisymbrium officinale.

Glucoputranjivin (1) and isopropyl isothiocyanate (2) were isolated from an aqueous dry extract of Sisymbrium officinale and were identified by spectroscopic analysis. The antimutagenic activity of these compounds was evaluated in a bacterial reverse mutation assay using E. coli WP2, WP2uvrA, and WP2uvrA/pKM101 strains, in comparison with the extract.

Distribution of edin in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from diabetic foot ulcers.

Staphylococcus aureus is both a common colonizer of human skin and the most frequently isolated pathogen in diabetes foot infections (DFIs). The spread of DFI to soft tissue and bony structures is a major causal factor for lower-limb amputation. It is therefore of great importance to differentiate colonizing from infecting strains of S.

Mass spectrometry: a revolution in clinical microbiology?

Recently, different bacteriological laboratory interventions that decrease reporting time have been developed. These promising new broad-based techniques have merit, based on their ability to identify rapidly many bacteria, organisms difficult to grow or newly emerging strains, as well as their capacity to track disease transmission. The benefit of rapid reporting of identification and/or resistance of bacteria can greatly impact patient outcomes, with an improvement in the use of antibiotics, in the reduction of the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria and in mortality rates.

A mathematical model to guide antibiotic treatment strategies.

Over the past few decades, the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) to antibiotics in bacteria has led to major difficulties in the management of infected patients. At present, there is a serious lack of development of new antibacterial agents. Mathematical models are one approach to understand how antibiotic usage patterns may be optimized.

Place of (18)F-FDG-PET with computed tomography in the diagnostic algorithm of patients with fever of unknown origin.

There is evidence for the interest of (18)F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography ((18)F-FDG-PET/CT) in fever of unknown origin (FUO) clinical investigation. However, little and conflicting data exist about its place in the investigation procedure. The aim of this work was to evaluate the clinical value of (18)F-FDG-PET/CT in patients with FUO and identify patients who need early (18)F-FDG-PET/CT rather than a last-resort procedure.

Anticlastogenic effect in human lymphocytes by the sodium salt of 3,4-secoisopimar-4(18),7,15-trien-3-oic acid.

The ability of the sodium salt of 3,4-secoisopimar-4(18),7,15-trien-3-oic acid (1), a diterpenoid obtained from Salvia cinnabarina, to inhibit the genotoxic effect of ethyl methanesulfonate (a clastogenic agent) and colcemid (an aneugenic agent), was studied using a micronucleus assay on cultured human lymphocytes. Cells were treated with 1 before (pretreatment), during (co-treatment), and after (post-treatment) treatment with the mutagens, in order to investigate the type of antimutagenic activity (desmutagenic or bioantimutagenic) manifested. In the range of concentrations tested (0.

Molecular epidemiology of Enterococcus sp. isolated in a university hospital in Algeria.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of enterococci isolated from infections at an Algerian university hospital, and to evaluate the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and the clonal cluster present in this country.

Methods: Patients who presented at Annaba University Hospital with Enterococcus infections were prospectively included over a 1-y period (2010). All Enterococcus sp.

Virulence potential and genomic mapping of the worldwide clone Escherichia coli ST131.

Recently, the worldwide propagation of clonal CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli isolates, namely ST131 and O25b:H4, has been reported. Like the majority of extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli isolates, the pandemic clone ST131 belongs to phylogenetic group B2, and has recently been shown to be highly virulent in a mouse model, even though it lacks several genes encoding key virulence factors (Pap, Cnf1 and HlyA).

Distinguishing colonization from infection with Staphylococcus aureus in diabetic foot ulcers with miniaturized oligonucleotide arrays: a French multicenter study.

Objective: To extend our previous work on evaluating the use of oligonucleotide arrays to discriminate colonization from infection owing to Staphylococcus aureus in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).

Research Design And Methods: Patients admitted to 14 French diabetic foot departments for a DFU were screened for entry into the study. At admission, ulcers were classified based on clinical examination according to the Infectious Diseases Society of America system.

Diabetes and foot infection: more than double trouble.

Background: Infection of foot ulcers is a common, often severe and costly complication in diabetes. Many factors linked to the host, mainly immune defects, neuropathy and arteriopathy, as well as bacteria-related factors, interact in a complex way and account for the susceptibility of diabetic individuals to foot infections, the severity of such infections and difficulty to treat them.

Methods: This article reviews these factors, in the light of data from the literature and from our own results.

Evaluation of empirical antibiotherapy for acute community-acquired pneumonia prescribed in emergency departments.

Objective: The authors assessed the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and empirical antibiotic prescription in a primary care center.

Method: A retrospective study was made on medical charts of patients admitted to the emergency department for CAP.

Results: Seventy-six patients were included.