Changes in the Levels of Short-Chain Acids and Tryptophan Metabolites in Mouse Intestine during Experimental Colitis.

The optimal balance of the intestinal microbiota is considered to be an essential part of the human body that affects many metabolic processes. However, the exact role of the gut microbiota in metabolism is still not fully understood. To investigate the metabolic role of gut microbiota, the content of short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites was studied in mice with sodium dextran sulfate-induced colitis.

Adaptations of Biofilms to Oxidative Stress Induced by Copper(II) Oxide Nanoparticles.

Copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are used in different industries and agriculture, thus leading to their release to the environment, which raises concerns about their ecotoxicity and biosafety. The main toxicity mechanism of nanometals is oxidative stress as a result of the formation of reactive oxygen species caused by metal ions released from nanoparticles. Bacterial biofilms are more resistant to physical and chemical factors than are planktonic cells due to the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPM), which performs a protective function.

Free radical fragmentation and oxidation in the polar part of lysophospholipids: Results of the study of blood serum of healthy donors and patients with acute surgical pathology.

The interaction of reactive oxygen species with cell membrane lipids is usually considered in the context of lipid peroxidation in the nonpolar component of the membrane. In this work, for the first time, data were obtained indicating that damage to human cell membranes can occur in the polar part of lysophospholipids at the interface with the aqueous environment due to free radical fragmentation (FRF) processes. FRF products, namely 1-hexadecanoyloxyacetone (PAc) and 1-octadecanoyloxyacetone (SAc), were identified in human serum, and a GC-MS method was developed to quantify PAc and SAc.

ALDH2 polymorphism and myocardial infarction: From alcohol metabolism to redox regulation.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the early reperfusion phase is thought to trigger lipid peroxidation and disrupt redox homeostasis, leading to myocardial injury. Whilst the mitochondrial enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is chiefly recognised for its central role in ethanol metabolism, substantial experimental evidence suggests an additional cardioprotective role for ALDH2 independent of alcohol intake, which mitigates myocardial injury by detoxifying breakdown products of lipid peroxidation including the reactive aldehydes, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE).

Features and outcomes of female and male patients requiring postcardiotomy extracorporeal life support.

Objectives: Although cardiogenic shock requiring extracorporeal life support after cardiac surgery is associated with high mortality, the impact of sex on outcomes of postcardiotomy extracorporeal life support remains unclear with conflicting results in the literature. We compare patient characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, and overall survival between females and males requiring postcardiotomy extracorporeal life support.

Methods: This retrospective, multicenter (34 centers), observational study included adults requiring postcardiotomy extracorporeal life support between 2000 and 2020.

Different Scenarios for the Origin and the Subsequent Succession of a Hypothetical Microbial Community in the Cloud Layer of Venus.

The possible existence of a microbial community in the venusian clouds is one of the most intriguing hypotheses in modern astrobiology. Such a community must be characterized by a high survivability potential under severe environmental conditions, the most extreme of which are very low pH levels and water activity. Considering different scenarios for the origin of life and geological history of our planet, a few of these scenarios are discussed in the context of the origin of hypothetical microbial life within the venusian cloud layer.

Sound transmission loss of periodic Mindlin plates with non-uniformly spaced mass attachmentsa).

The sound transmission loss (STL) of wall partitions, especially in the coincidence region, is investigated. A Mindlin plate with periodically attached masses in a periodic "supercell" pattern is analyzed theoretically and experimentally for sound attenuation. Modeling the masses as points, analytical expressions for predicting the dispersion relation and frequency bandgaps of the plate are developed.

Bioaccumulation of molybdate ions by alkanotrophic Rhodococcus leads to significant alterations in cellular ultrastructure and physiology.

Alkanotrophic Rhodococcus strains from the Regional Specialised Collection of Alkanotrophic Microorganisms (acronym IEGM, www.iegmcol.ru) were screened for accumulation and sorption of MoO ions.

Phenotypic and metabolic adaptations of strain IEGM 1243 to separate and combined effects of diclofenac and ibuprofen.

Introduction: The increasing use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has raised concerns regarding their environmental impact. To address this, understanding the effects of NSAIDs on bacteria is crucial for bioremediation efforts in pharmaceutical-contaminated environments. The primary challenge in breaking down persistent compounds lies not in the biochemical pathways but in capacity of bacteria to surmount stressors.

Dynamic behavior of metal nanoparticles in MOF materials: analysis with electron microscopy and deep learning.

Electron microscopy is a key characterization technique for nanoscale systems, and electron microscopy images are typically recorded and analyzed in terms of the morphology of the objects under study in static mode. The emerging current trend is to analyze the dynamic behavior at the nanoscale observed during electron microscopy measurements. In this work, the study of the stability of MOF structures with different compositions and topologies under conditions of an electron microscope experiment revealed an unusual dynamic behavior of M NPs formed due to the electron-beam-induced transformation of specific frameworks.

Highly purified DNA-containing cell envelopes from fungi for direct use in PCR.

Efficient DNA sample preparation from fungi with the rigid cell walls is still critical for successful polymerase chain reaction (PCR), one of the basic platforms in molecular diagnostics of fungi, especially in medical mycology. Common methods that involve different chaotropes to yield DNA samples have found a limited application for fungi. Here we describe a novel procedure for efficient production of permeable fungal cell envelopes with DNA inside as suitable templates for PCR.

Predicting late aortic complications after acute type A dissection surgery with volumetric measurements in a Singapore cohort.

Introduction: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of postoperative computed tomography (CT) measurements of aortic lumen volumes in predicting aortic-related complications following acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) repair.

Methods: We conducted a single-institution retrospective aortic volumetric analysis of patients after ascending aorta replacement performed during 2001-2015. The volumetric measurements of total lumen (total-L), true lumen (TL), false lumen (FL), as well as the TL:FL ratio from the first and second postoperative computer angiograms were obtained.

Antimicrobial-free graphene nanocoating decreases fungal yeast-to-hyphal switching and maturation of cross-kingdom biofilms containing clinical and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

and methicillin-resistant () synergize in cross-kingdom biofilms to increase the risk of mortality and morbidity due to high resistance to immune and antimicrobial defenses. Biomedical devices and implants made with titanium are vulnerable to infections that may demand their surgical removal from the infected sites. Graphene nanocoating (GN) has promising anti-adhesive properties against .

Vascular smooth muscle cells in low SYNTAX scores coronary artery disease exhibit proinflammatory transcripts and proteins correlated with IL1B activation.

Background And Aims: The SYNTAX score is clinically validated to stratify number of lesions and pattern of CAD. A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms influencing the pattern and complexity of coronary arteries lesions among CAD patients is needed.

Methods: Human arterial biopsies from 49 patients (16 low-SYNTAX-score (LSS, <23), 16 intermediate-SYNTAX-score (ISS, 23 to 32) and 17 high-SYNTAX-score (HSS, >32)) were evaluated using Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Genome U133 Plus 2.

Building a Cell House from Cellulose: The Case of the Soil Acidobacterium SBC82.

SBC82 is a recently described representative of the phylum from lichen-covered tundra soil. Cells of this bacterium occur within unusual saccular chambers, with the chamber envelope formed by tightly packed fibrils. These extracellular structures were most pronounced in old cultures of strain SBC82 and were organized in cluster-like aggregates.

Biotransformation of (-)-Isopulegol by .

The ability of actinobacteria of the genus to biotransform the monoterpenoid (-)-isopulegol has been established for the first time. . strain IEGM 1362 was selected as a bacterium capable of metabolizing (-)-isopulegol to form new, previously unknown, 10-hydroxy () and 10-carboxy () derivatives, which may presumably have antitumor activity and act as respiratory stimulants and cancer prevention agents.

Hybrid type II and frozen elephant trunk in acute Stanford type A aortic dissections.

. Composite frozen elephant trunk is an increasingly popular solution for complex aortic pathologies. This review aims to compare outcomes of zone 0 type II hybrid (hybrid II) with the composite frozen elephant trunk (FET) technique in managing acute Stanford type A aortic dissections.

Pro-Inflammatory Derangement of the Immuno-Interactome in Heart Failure.

Chronic heart failure (HF) is a syndrome of heterogeneous etiology associated with multiple co-morbidities. Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to the pathophysiology of HF. Heterogeneity and lack of data on the immune mechanism(s) contributing to HF may partially underlie the failure of clinical trials targeting inflammatory mediators.

From Rest to Growth: Life Collisions of 135.

In the process of evolution, living organisms develop mechanisms for population preservation to survive in unfavorable conditions. Spores and cysts are the most obvious examples of dormant forms in microorganisms. Non-spore-forming bacteria are also capable of surviving in unfavorable conditions, but the patterns of their behavior and adaptive reactions have been studied in less detail compared to spore-forming organisms.

Capture of Essential Trace Elements and Phosphate Accumulation as a Basis for the Antimicrobial Activity of a New Ultramicrobacterium- Str. F2E.

Microbial interactions play an important role in natural habitat. The long-term coevolution of various species leads to the adaptation of certain types of microorganisms as well as to the formation of a wide variety of interactions such as competitive, antagonistic, pathogenic and parasitic relationships. The aim of this work is a comprehensive study of a new ultramicrobacterium str.

Photochemical Synthesis of Silver Hydrosol Stabilized by Carbonate Ions and Study of Its Bactericidal Impact on : Direct and Indirect Effects.

The great attention paid to silver nanoparticles is largely related to their antibacterial and antiviral effects and their possible use as efficient biocidal agents. Silver nanoparticles are being widely introduced into various areas of life, including industry, medicine, and agriculture. This leads to their spreading and entering the environment, which generates the potential risk of toxic effect on humans and other biological organisms.

[Stage wise treatment of uterine arteriovenous malformation complicated by recurrent haemorrhage].

Uterine arteriovenous malformation is a rarely encountered disease threatening with massive haemorrhage. The article describes a clinical case report regarding a 37-year-old woman presenting with this pathology and previously hospitalized twice with severe posthaemorrhagic complications at a 5-month interval due to refusal from timely hysterectomy. A vascular formation in the womb was detected at ultrasonography, however its pattern was identified only by computed tomography of small pelvis organs with intravenous contrasting.

[Lessons learnt from 101 hemispheric pediatric epilepsy surgeries part ii: pitfalls and complications].

Objective: To evaluate the spectrum of pitfalls and complications after hemisherotomy basing on a retrospective study of a large consecutive pediatric cohort of patients from a single institution.

Material And Methods: One hundred and one patients (med. age - 43 months) with refractory seizures underwent hemispherotomy.