The impact of Library Size and Scale of Testing on Virtual Screening.

Virtual libraries for ligand discovery have recently increased 10,000-fold, and this is thought to have improved hit rates and potencies from library docking. This idea has not, however, been experimentally tested in direct comparisons of larger-vs-smaller libraries. Meanwhile, though libraries have exploded, the scale of experimental testing has little changed, with often only dozens of high-ranked molecules investigated, making interpretation of hit rates and affinities uncertain.

Patient experiences of buprenorphine dispensing from a mobile medical unit.

Background: Overdose deaths continue to rise within the United States, despite effective treatments such as buprenorphine and methadone for opioid use disorder (OUD). Mobile medical units with the ability to dispense buprenorphine have been developed to engage patients and eliminate barriers to accessing OUD treatment. This study reports survey responses of patients of a mobile medical unit dispensing buprenorphine in areas of Chicago, IL with high overdose rates.

Outcomes of Early Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Renal Transplantation.

Background: Alternate complement dysregulation postrenal transplantation can result in thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). There is a scarcity of data regarding outcomes based on the timing of TMA post-transplant, coupled with a lack of follow-up biopsy findings post TMA diagnosis. This study aims to assess allograft and patient outcomes in individuals developing early TMA, defined within 4 months post-transplantation, and explore any differences in follow-up surveillance biopsies compared to a non-TMA group.

Shorter Telomere Length Is Associated With Older Age, Poor Sleep Hygiene, and Orthopedic Injury, but Not Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, in a Cohort of Canadian Children.

Background: Predicting recovery following pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remains challenging. The identification of objective biomarkers for prognostic purposes could improve clinical outcomes. Telomere length (TL) has previously been used as a prognostic marker of cellular health in the context of mTBI and other neurobiological conditions.

Feasibility and Acceptability of Mobile Phone-Based Surveys to Identify Mental Health Symptoms in Parents/Guardians of PICU Patients.

Objective: Parents experience psychologic distress during their child's admission to a PICU, but effective screening for parental mental health symptoms is not the standard of care. We aimed to test the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile phone-based mental health survey for parents/guardians of PICU patients to facilitate their support by the PICU team.

Design: Post hoc analysis of a single-institution pilot study conducted in 2022.

Complex interplay between RAS GTPases and RASSF effectors regulates subcellular localization of YAP.

RAS GTPases bind effectors to convert upstream cues to changes in cellular function. Effectors of classical H/K/NRAS are defined by RBD/RA domains which recognize the GTP-bound conformation of these GTPases, yet the specificity of RBD/RAs for over 160 RAS superfamily proteins remains poorly explored. We have systematically mapped interactions between BRAF and four RASSF effectors, the largest family of RA-containing proteins, with all RAS, RHO and ARF small GTPases.

Two methods of isolation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells with high yield.

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are an integral part of blood vessels and are the focus of intensive research in vascular biology, translational research, and cardiovascular diseases. Though immortalized vascular smooth muscle cell lines are available, their use is limited, underscoring the need for primary VSMCs. There are several methods for isolating primary cells from mice.

Healthcare Disparities Among Older Adults: Exploring Social Determinants of Health and Cognition Levels.

Background: The purpose was to investigate the impact of sociodemographic factors on healthcare utilization among adults with different cognition levels (normal and impairment/dementia).

Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the Health and Retirement Study (N=17,698) to assess healthcare utilization: hospital stay, nursing home stay, hospice care, and doctor visits.

Results: A cohort comparison between normal and dementia/impaired cognition groups revealed significant differences.

The sensory shark: high-quality morphological, genomic and transcriptomic data for the small-spotted catshark reveal the molecular bases of sensory organ evolution in jawed vertebrates.

Cartilaginous fishes (chimaeras and elasmobranchs -sharks, skates and rays) hold a key phylogenetic position to explore the origin and diversifications of jawed vertebrates. Here, we report and integrate reference genomic, transcriptomic and morphological data in the small-spotted catshark to shed light on the evolution of sensory organs. We first characterise general aspects of the catshark genome, confirming the high conservation of genome organisation across cartilaginous fishes, and investigate population genomic signatures.

Characterization of Arabidopsis aldolases AtFBA4, AtFBA5, and their inhibition by morin and interaction with calmodulin.

Fructose bisphosphate aldolases (FBAs) catalyze the reversible cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. We analyzed two previously uncharacterized cytosolic Arabidopsis FBAs, AtFBA4 and AtFBA5. Based on a recent report, we examined the interaction of AtFBA4 with calmodulin (CaM)-like protein 11 (AtCML11).

Does a Hip Muscle Activation Home Exercise Program Change Movement Patterns on the Forward Step-Down Test?

Context: Poor knee biomechanics contribute to knee joint injuries. Neuromuscular control over knee position is partially derived from the hip. It is unknown whether isolated activation training of the gluteal muscles improves lower-extremity frontal plane mechanics.

The Lungs in Space: A Review of Current Knowledge and Methodologies.

Space travel presents multiple risks to astronauts such as launch, radiation, spacewalks or extravehicular activities, and microgravity. The lungs are composed of a combination of air, blood, and tissue, making it a complex organ system with interactions between the external and internal environment. Gravity strongly influences the structure of the lung which results in heterogeneity of ventilation and perfusion that becomes uniform in microgravity as shown during parabolic flights, Spacelab, and Skylab experiments.

The positive reinforcing effects of cocaine and opposite-sex social contact: roles of biological sex and estrus.

Rationale: Preclinical studies report that drug use and social contact mutually influence the reinforcing effects of one another. Most of these studies have used same-sex dyads exclusively, and the role of factors related to biological sex and hormonal fluctuations are not well understood.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the reinforcing effects of cocaine and social contact with an opposite-sex partner in male and female rats, and how these effects are modulated by ovarian hormones.

Characteristics of out-of-hospital births and perinatal outcomes: data from the Lazio Region, Italy, cross-sectional study from 2019 to 2021.

Introduction: In Italy, the primary place of birth is typically a hospital, with only a small number of women opting for an out-of-hospital setting. This study details the characteristics of midwifery care and perinatal and maternal outcomes of women who gave birth in an out-of-hospital setting in the Lazio Region, Italy, from 2019 to 2021.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out.

Inflammatory bowel disease associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with an altered gut microbiome and bile acid profile.

Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-PSC) carries significant morbidity compared to IBD without PSC. Alterations in microbial composition and bile acid (BA) profiles have been shown to modulate chronic inflammation in IBD, but data in IBD-PSC is scarce. We aimed to assess the differences in gut microbiome composition as well as in the BA profile and BA-related microbial functions between IBD-PSC and IBD-only.

The Predictors of Surgery for Symptomatic, Atraumatic Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears Change Over Time: Ten-Year Outcomes of the MOON Shoulder Prospective Cohort.

Background: A prospective cohort study was conducted to assess the predictors of failure of nonoperative treatment, defined as the patient undergoing surgery for symptomatic, atraumatic full-thickness rotator cuff tears. We present the 10-year follow-up data of this population to determine if predictors for surgery change over time, and secondarily we report the outcomes of the cohort.

Methods: At the time of enrollment, demographic, symptom, rotator cuff anatomy, and patient-reported outcome data were collected in patients with symptomatic, atraumatic full-thickness rotator cuff tears.

Guideline for reporting systematic reviews of outcome measurement instruments (OMIs): PRISMA-COSMIN for OMIs 2024.

Purpose: Although comprehensive and widespread guidelines on how to conduct systematic reviews of outcome measurement instruments (OMIs) exist, for example from the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) initiative, key information is often missing in published reports. This article describes the development of an extension of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guideline: PRISMA-COSMIN for OMIs 2024.

Methods: The development process followed the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research (EQUATOR) guidelines and included a literature search, expert consultations, a Delphi study, a hybrid workgroup meeting, pilot testing, and an end-of-project meeting, with integrated patient/public involvement.