Multiomic molecular patterns of lipid dysregulation in a subphenotype of sepsis with higher shock incidence and mortality.

Background: Lipids play a critical role in defense against sepsis. We sought to investigate gene expression and lipidomic patterns of lipid dysregulation in sepsis.

Methods: Data from four adult sepsis studies were analyzed and findings were investigated in two external datasets.

Risk Factors for Diagnostic Change from Glaucoma Suspect to Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Vice Versa over Two Years.

Objective: This study investigates the incidence and causes of diagnostic changes from primary open angle glaucoma suspect (POAGS) to primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and vice versa, in clinical practice.

Design: This is a retrospective, single site, case-control study.

Participants: It includes patients over age 40 diagnosed with either POAG or POAGS between 2013-2020.

Association of chronic exercise with markers of cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The impact of chronic exercise on cardiometabolic risk is a crucial aspect of public health. However, limited knowledge exists regarding differences in cardiometabolic parameters between older athletes, older controls, and sedentary or active young controls.

Methods: A comprehensive search in major databases until October 2024 was conducted for studies comparing older athletes with older controls or with both sedentary and active younger adults.

Clozapine rechallenge following myocarditis: a systematic review of rechallenge cases.

Introduction And Objectives: Clozapine is the antipsychotic medication with the greatest efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Unfortunately, clozapine is ceased in approximately 0.2% to 8.

Integrating oral health into primary care: a proof-of-concept for dry mouth management in the Australian community pharmacy setting.

Background: Xerostomia (dry mouth) is a common yet severe problem, causing difficulty with eating, speaking, dental caries, and discomfort. Access issues to dental services, including cost and availability of dental practitioners, can delay timely diagnosis and management of dry mouth. Thus, there is a need for innovative approaches to manage xerostomia, involving non-dental primary care health practitioners.

Platelet characteristics in extremely preterm infants after fatty acid supplementation: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Two risk factors for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in extremely preterm infants are thrombocytopenia and low levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To date, these risk factors have not been linked.

Method: Infants born < 28 weeks gestational age (GA) from 2016 to 2019 were randomized to postnatal enteral AA/DHA supplementation or standard care (controls).

Multimorbidity clusters and their contribution to well-being among the oldest old: Results based on a nationally representative sample in Germany.

Aim: Our aim was to identify multimorbidity clusters and, in particular, to examine their contribution to well-being outcomes among the oldest old in Germany.

Methods: Data were taken from the large nationally representative D80+ study including community-dwelling and institutionalized individuals aged 80 years and over residing in Germany (n = 8,773). The mean age was 85.

Increased risk of autism in extremely preterm children with a history of retinopathy of prematurity.

Aim: To investigate the association between retinopathy of prematurity and autism spectrum disorder in extremely preterm children.

Methods: Data in children born extremely preterm at <28 weeks' gestational age in the Region Västra Götaland, 2013-2017, were analysed for association between retinopathy of prematurity and neurodevelopmental disorders. We focussed on autism spectrum disorder and excluded children with perinatal brain injuries or genetic disorders.

Centering autonomy and choice to support oral PrEP utilization among people who inject drugs: qualitative lessons from HPTN 094 INTEGRA.

Background: Oral Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in preventing HIV transmission. However, despite high rates of HIV risk behaviors among people who inject drugs (PWID), this population remains underserved by current HIV prevention efforts in the United States. To address this challenge, we conducted an in-depth exploration of perspectives on using oral PrEP among PWID engaged in the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 094 INTEGRA Study.

Collection and sharing of health information in mental health and related systems in Australia: perspectives of people who access mental health services.

Background: Information sharing and information privacy are important issues in mental health services. Yet the perspectives of Australians who access mental health services about these issues are poorly understood. This article addresses the research question: What are the concerns of people who use mental health services about the collection and use of their health information in mental health and related systems in Australia?

Methods: Participants were 16 people who had accessed mental health services and were involved in a series of co-design workshops as part of a larger study.

Genome-wide identification of bacterial genes contributing to nucleus-forming jumbo phage infection.

The Chimalliviridae family of bacteriophages (phages) form a proteinaceous nucleus-like structure during infection of their bacterial hosts. This phage 'nucleus' compartmentalises phage DNA replication and transcription, and shields the phage genome from DNA-targeting defence systems such as CRISPR-Cas and restriction-modification. Their insensitivity to DNA-targeting defences makes nucleus-forming jumbo phages attractive for phage therapy.

Risk of Hospitalization Among Assisted Living Residents Dually Enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid.

Objectives: To examine how risk of hospitalization among assisted living (AL) residents differs by dual enrollment in Medicare and Medicaid and by the percent of dually enrolled individuals in an AL community.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: We used Medicare data from 2008 to 2018 and a national directory of licensed AL communities to identify Medicare beneficiaries with a change in their ZIP+4 code suggesting a new residence in an AL.

Imaging NRF2 activation in non-small cell lung cancer with positron emission tomography.

Mutations in the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway are common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and confer broad-spectrum therapeutic resistance, leading to poor outcomes. Currently, there is no means to non-invasively identify NRF2 activation in living subjects. Here, we show that positron emission tomography imaging with the system x radiotracer, [F]FSPG, provides a sensitive and specific marker of NRF2 activation in orthotopic, patient-derived, and genetically engineered mouse models of NSCLC.

Black Phosphorus Nanoflakes: An Emerging Nanomaterial for Clinical Wound Management and Biomedical Applications.

Black phosphorus (BP), a two-dimensional material, has gathered significant attention over the last decade, primarily due to its unique physiochemical properties and potential role in various biomedical applications. This review provides an in-depth overview of the synthesis, nanomaterial properties, interactions, and biomedical uses of BP, with a particular focus on wound management. The structure, synthesis methods, and stability of BP are discussed, highlighting the high degree of nanomaterial biocompatibility and cytotoxicity.

Resveratrol and Female Fertility: A Systematic Review.

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound that may have multiple influences on human health, including antiaging, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, antioxidant, insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective and vasodilating activities. Growing evidence also suggests a potential positive effect of resveratrol on female fertility. The aim of the present study was to collate and appraise the scientific literature on the relationship between resveratrol and female fertility.

Women's cellphone access and ownership in rural Uganda: implications for self-care interventions.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) call for cervical cancer elimination includes increasing global cervical screening coverage. HPV-based self-collection (HPV-SC) is a promising screening model for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and while digital technology, such as cellphones, can be used to streamline HPV-SC, there is limited data on digital technology penetration in LMICs. Determining women's cellphone access is critical to understanding the feasibility of using cellphones to support HPV-SC.

Characterizing Drug use Typologies and Their Association with Sexual Risk Behaviors: A Latent Class Analysis Among Men who have Sex with Men in Mexico.

Introduction: Drug use behaviors are closely associated with increased risk for HIV and other STIs among men who have sex with men (MSM) globally. Less is known about the drug use characteristics and their association with HIV/STI risk among MSM in Mexico, who have 13 times higher risk of acquiring HIV than the general population. We characterized distinct classes of drug use behaviors among a nationwide sample of MSM in Mexico and tested their associations with HIV risk behaviors.

Relationship between medication regimen complexity and pharmacist engagement in fluid stewardship.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Approach advancements for engineering novel peptide analogs of existing lantibiotics: where are we today?

Introduction: The emergence of antibiotic resistance among the clinically important bacterial pathogens has increased healthcare costs and reduced patient safety and quality of life. Lantibiotics is a large class of ribosomally synthesized, and posttranslationally modified peptides have been the primary focus of numerous research aimed at discovering compounds for treating bacterial infections.

Areas Covered: The article explains the most up to date hierarchy of methods followed in the field for high throughput screening of lantibiotics/analogs with improved therapeutic properties.

Longitudinal outcomes of a parent-administered sensorimotor intervention in preterm infants at 4 and 18 months.

Purpose: Despite the increasing focus on early parent-delivered interventions in neonatal intensive care units to enhance infant development, there remains a research gap concerning the sustained benefits of such interventions in preterm infants. This study evaluated the impact of the parent-administered sensorimotor intervention (PASI) on developmental outcomes of infants previously enrolled in a randomized clinical trial (RCT).

Method: A prospective longitudinal follow-up study following the RCT at 4 and 18 months corrected gestational age (CGA) was conducted.

Intact Mass Proteomics Using a Proteoform Atlas.

Top-down proteomics, the characterization of intact proteoforms by tandem mass spectrometry, is the principal method for proteoform characterization in complex samples. Top-down proteomics relies on precursor isolation and subsequent gas-phase fragmentation to make proteoform identifications. While this strategy can produce highly detailed molecular information, the reliance on time-intensive tandem MS limits the speed with which proteoforms can be identified.

Temporal changes in smoking prevalence among adolescents across 23 countries.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate temporal changes in smoking prevalence among adolescents aged 13-15 across 23 countries and to assess individual and country-level factors influencing smoking behaviour.

Methods: This study used data from 168 286 young adolescents aged 13-15 years obtained from the Global School-based Student Health, 2003-2021. Linear regression models and meta-analyses were conducted to analyse the changes in current smoking prevalence among young adolescents.

Crystalloid Liberal or Vasopressors Early Resuscitation in Sepsis-Study of Treatment's Echocardiographic Mechanisms (CLOVERS-STEM).

Importance: Receipt of fluid and vasopressors, common treatments in septic shock, may affect cardiac function.

Objectives: We sought to determine whether a liberal or restrictive fluid resuscitation strategy was associated with changes in cardiac function.

Design: We prospectively studied a subset of patients enrolled in the Crystalloid Liberal or Vasopressors Early Resuscitation in Sepsis (CLOVERS) trial, performing echocardiography at baseline and at 24 hours after randomization.

Associations between weight-control methods and depression among Korean adolescents: a study based on a national dataset.

Background/objectives: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity has become a significant global burden, with more than 40% of the global adult population attempting to lose weight. Previous studies on the impact of weight-control methods on mental health, especially among adolescents, are limited. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between various weight-control methods and depression among adolescents, with the goal of informing healthier weight management decisions and promoting effective methods.