SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION OF 106 LABORATORY REFERENCE DATA ARTICLES FROM NONDOMESTIC SPECIES PUBLISHED FROM 2014 TO 2016: ASSESSING COMPLIANCE WITH REFERENCE INTERVAL GUIDELINES.

Population-based reference intervals (RIs) are vital tools used to characterize health and disease based on laboratory values. The science and statistical basis for RI generation have evolved over the past 50 yr. Current veterinary-specific guidelines by the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology exist for establishing RIs from nondomestic and wild animals.

Evaluating urinary estrogen and progesterone metabolites using dried filter paper samples and gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS).

Background: Measuring concentrations of metabolites of estradiol and progesterone in urine, instead of measuring serum concentrations, is common in research and also is used in patient care. The primary aim of this study was to demonstrate that analysis of urine samples dried on filter paper by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) provides results similar to serum analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Secondary aims were to show that collection of four samples during the day (4-spot method) can be substituted for a 24-h collection, and that analysis of urine from dried samples is equivalent to liquid urine samples.

Feline leukocyte adhesion (CD18) deficiency caused by a deletion in the integrin β (ITGB2) gene.

Background: Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) or CD18 deficiency is an autosomal recessive immunodeficiency which has been described in people, cattle, dogs, and knockout mice.

Objectives: The study goals were to characterize the clinicopathologic, immunologic, and molecular genetic features of feline LAD (FLAD) in a neutered male adult Domestic Longhair cat with severe leukocytosis and recurrent infections.

Methods: Flow cytometry evaluated surface expression of CD18 on neutrophils.

Multimodal urgency coding: auditory, visual, and tactile parameters and their impact on perceived urgency.

Through a series of investigations involving different levels of contextual fidelity we developed scales of perceived urgency for several dimensions of the auditory, visual, and tactile modalities. Psychophysical ratings of perceived urgency, annoyance, and acceptability as well as behavioral responses to signals in each modality were obtained and analyzed using Steven's Power Law to allow comparison across modalities. Obtained results and their implications for use as in-vehicle alerts and warnings are discussed.

Deletion of mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 increases ischemic brain damage after transient focal ischemia by altering gene expression patterns and enhancing inflammatory cytokines.

Mitochondrial hyperpolarization inhibits the electron transport chain and increases incomplete reduction of oxygen, enabling production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The consequence is mitochondrial damage that eventually causes cell death. Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are inner mitochondrial membrane proteins that dissipate the mitochondrial proton gradient by transporting H(+) across the inner membrane, thereby stabilizing the inner mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing the formation of ROS.

Mouse hepatic lipase alleles with variable effects on lipoprotein composition and size.

The structural features responsible for the activities of hepatic lipase (HL) can be clarified by in vivo comparisons of naturally occurring variants. The coding sequence of HL from C57BL/6J (B6) and SPRET/EiJ (SPRET) mice differs by four amino acids (S106N, A156V, L416V, S480T); however, these changes are not predicted to influence HL function. To test for allelic effects, we generated SPRET-HL transgenics with physiological levels of HL mRNA and HL activity that was parallel in female transgenics and about 70% higher in male transgenics, toward tri-[3H]oleate, compared with B6 controls.

Effect of furosemide and furosemide-carbazochrome combination on exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in Standardbred racehorses.

The objective was to quantify the effect of furosemide and carbazochrome on exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) in Standardbred horses using red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Six healthy Standardbred horses with prior evidence of EIPH performed a standardized treadmill test 4 h after administration of placebo, furosemide, or furosemide-carbazochrome combination. Red blood cell (RBC) counts and hemoglobin concentrations were determined on the BAL fluid.

What is your diagnosis? Perifemoral mass in a cow.

A 15-year-old female Simmental cross-breed cow was presented to the Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of a perifemoral soft tissue mass. Impression smears made from an excisional biopsy contained a population of pleomorphic mesenchymal cells with abundant, periodic acid-Schiff-positive (PAS), intracytoplasmic granular material, and rare elongated multinucleated cells consistent with strap-like cells. A second population of small round cells suggestive of lymphocytes or progenitor cells was also noted.

Assessment of platelet growth factors in supernatants from rehydrated freeze-dried equine platelets and their effects on fibroblasts in vitro.

Objective: To determine whether platelet growth factors are preserved in supernatants obtained from rehydrated trehalose-stabilized, freeze-dried (lyophilized) equine platelets and whether those growth factors stimulate fibroblast proliferation and migration and enhance fibroblast-associated contraction in a collagen gel assay.

Animals: 6 clinically normal adult horses.

Procedures: Blood samples were obtained from 6 horses, and washed platelets were prepared via differential centrifugation.

What is your diagnosis? Peritoneal fluid from an Arabian horse after colic surgery.

A 16-year-old castrated male Arabian horse was presented to the Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a 4-hour history of colic. Initial examinations provided strong evidence for small intestinal obstruction. Abdominal surgery revealed a strangulating lipoma, and 25 feet of small intestine were resected.

Prevalence of reduced fibrinogen binding to platelets in a population of Thoroughbreds.

Objective: To measure the frequency and magnitude of reduced fibrinogen binding in a population of horses from a Thoroughbred breeding farm.

Animals: 444 Thoroughbred horses, 1 to 27 years old, including 316 females, 72 geldings, and 56 sexually intact males.

Procedures: Blood was collected from horses into tubes containingacid citrate dextrose adenine, and washed platelets were examined by use of flow cytometry for their ability to bind fibrinogen.

Investigation of a novel, heritable bleeding diathesis of Thoroughbred horses and development of a screening assay.

Background: Bleeding in racing horses associated with exercise appears to be multifactorial, and clinical investigation into severe cases rarely occurs. Previously, we reported a severe bleeding diathesis in a Thoroughbred mare. Herein, we describe the cellular physiology of this defect, provide a diagnostic tool for identifying it, and demonstrate that the dysfunction is heritable.

Idiopathic immune-mediated polysynovitis in three horses.

This paper describes the clinical, laboratory and histological findings in three horses with immune-mediated polysynovitis; they had lost weight, suffered intermittent fever, were lethargic and stiff, and had effusions in several joints. Laboratory abnormalities included anaemia, leucocytosis, hyperfibrinogenaemia and hyperglobulinaemia. The diagnosis was based on the presence of a suppurative, non-septic inflammation in at least two different joints in each of the horses and the presence of immunoglobulins in the synovial membrane of one of them.

Evaluation of clinical characteristics, diagnostic test results, and outcome in horses with internal infection caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: 30 cases (1995-2003).

Objective: To determine clinical signs, results of diagnostic testing, and outcome in horses with internal Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection.

Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: 30 horses.

Contribution of current carbon assimilation in supplying root exudates of Lolium perenne measured using steady-state C labelling.

Coupling growth of Lolium perenne L. in sterile solution culture with steady-state (13)CO(2) labelling allowed quantification of the contribution of C, assimilated either before or after a specific time point, both to plant compartments and root exudates. Plants were grown for 27 days in atmospheres containing CO(2) with delta(13)C signatures of either -13.

Morphological and topological responses of roots to defoliation and nitrogen supply in Lolium perenne and Festuca ovina.

•  This study examined morphological and topological responses of nodal root axes to defoliation in a fast- and a slow-growing grass species. •  Vegetative tillers of both Lolium perenne and Festuca ovina were grown on slant boards and either left intact or subjected to repeated defoliation, under both a high nitrogen (N) and a low N supply. Root length, diameter and branching characteristics were measured on individual nodal root axes.

Malignant Sertoli cell tumor in the retained abdominal testis of a unilaterally cryptorchid horse.

A 13-year-old Morgan gelding was evaluated because of a mass in the caudal region of the abdomen. The horse had been presumed to be a gelding, but necropsy findings revealed a retained testis in the right retroperitoneal space. Histologically, the retained testis contained neoplastic cells; metastases were identified in the liver, spleen, lungs, and sublumbar lymph nodes.

Reduced atmospheric CO2 inhibits nitrogen mobilization in Festuca rubra.

In defoliated grasses, where photosynthesis is reduced due to removal of leaf material, it is well established that remobilization of nitrogen occurs from both older remaining leaves and roots towards the younger growing leaves. In contrast, little is known about the movement of nitrogen within intact grass plants experiencing prolonged inhibition of photosynthesis. We tested the following hypotheses in Festuca rubra L.

Serendipitous diagnosis of appendicovesical fistula by bone scan: a case report.

A 71-year-old patient had recurrent urinary tract infections for 7 years after sigmoid colectomy via a Hartmann procedure. Extensive radiological and endoscopic tests were inconclusive as to the cause of bacteriuria. Chronic back pain led to performance of a radionuclide bone scan with the incidental demonstration of a vesicoenteric fistula, confirmed at exploration.

Preoperative evaluation of patients with inguinal hernia for colorectal disease.

In retrospective series, 17.0 to 25.5 per cent of those patients with carcinoma of the colon or rectum have been found to have concurrent inguinal herniation.

Effect of chronic exercise on beta-endorphin receptor levels in rats.

A radioreceptor assay using [3H]2-beta-endorphin (B-EP) was used to examine binding in the brains of rats that had been exercised on a treadmill for 5 months. The binding of [3H]2-beta-EP to brain homogenates gave an average Kd of 0.830 +/- 0.