Decreased Circulating Red Cell Mass Induced by Intravenous Acepromazine Administration Alters Viscoelastic and Traditional Plasma Coagulation Testing Results in Healthy Horses.

Coagulopathy is common in equine critical illness, with its early recognition being crucial for patient management and prognosis. In vitro viscoelastic (VE) hypercoagulability with decreased RCM/PCV has been demonstrated in dogs but not horses. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of acepromazine-induced (0.

Increased packed cell volume alters point of care viscoelastic clotting parameters in horses.

Background: Polycythaemia and coagulopathy are identified risk factors for non-survival in critically ill horses. Assessment of coagulation is recommended for critical care monitoring but may be affected by concurrent polycythaemia.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of induced polycythaemia on coagulation parameters as measured by a point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation device (VCM Vet™).

Prolonged holding time and sampling protocol affects viscoelastic coagulation parameters as measured by the VCM-Vet™ using fresh equine native whole blood.

Objectives: Determine the effect of sample holding time and single sample reuse on viscoelastic coagulation parameters when using fresh equine native whole blood.

Animals: 8 healthy adult horses from a university teaching herd.

Procedures: Blood collected by direct jugular venipuncture (18 ga needle, 3 mL syringe) was held at 37 °C for 2, 4, 6, or 8 minutes according to 1 of 2 protocols.

Enhanced triple-α reaction reduces proton-rich nucleosynthesis in supernovae.

The rate of the triple-α reaction that forms C affects the synthesis of heavy elements in the Ga-Cd range in proton-rich neutrino-driven outflows of core-collapse supernovae. Initially, these outflows contain only protons and neutrons; these later combine to form α particles, then C nuclei via the triple-α reaction, and eventually heavier nuclei as the material expands and cools. Previous experimental work demonstrated that despite the high temperatures encountered in these environments, the reaction is dominated by the well characterized Hoyle state resonance in C nuclei.

Normal regression of the internal umbilical remnant structures in Standardbred foals.

Background: Diseases affecting the internal umbilical remnant are common in foals. Ultrasound is used to diagnose abnormalities of these structures, and to monitor treatment. However, little is known about the progression of normal internal umbilical remnant regression.

Uterine responses and equine chorionic gonadotropin concentrations after two intrauterine infusions with kerosene post early fetal loss in mares.

Pregnancy loss during the normal lifespan of endometrial cups (∼37-120-150 days of gestation) may affect a mare's ability to conceive again in the same breeding season, as equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) secretion by retained endometrial cups can lead to abnormal ovulations and follicular growth. While intrauterine kerosene infusion has anecdotally been proposed as a treatment for endometrial cup retention, there are no controlled studies evaluating kerosene's ability to enhance endometrial cup regression following abortion. The objectives of this study were to assess uterine response, systemic side effects, and efficacy of intrauterine kerosene infusions after abortion.

Enhancement of the Triple Alpha Rate in a Hot Dense Medium.

In a sufficiently hot and dense astrophysical environment the rate of the triple-alpha (3α) reaction can increase greatly over the value appropriate for helium burning stars owing to hadronically induced deexcitation of the Hoyle state. In this Letter we use a statistical model to evaluate the enhancement as a function of temperature and density. For a density of 10^{6}  g cm^{-3} enhancements can exceed a factor of 100.

Observation of the Isovector Giant Monopole Resonance via the ^{28}Si(^{10}Be,^{10}B^{*}[1.74 MeV]) Reaction at 100 AMeV.

The (^{10}Be,^{10}B^{*}[1.74  MeV]) charge-exchange reaction at 100  AMeV is presented as a new probe for isolating the isovector (ΔT=1) nonspin-transfer (ΔS=0) response of nuclei, with ^{28}Si being the first nucleus studied. By using a secondary ^{10}Be beam produced by fast fragmentation of ^{18}O nuclei at the NSCL Coupled Cyclotron Facility, applying the dispersion-matching technique with the S800 magnetic spectrometer to determine the excitation energy in ^{28}Al, and performing high-resolution γ-ray tracking with the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking In-beam Nuclear Array (GRETINA) to identify the 1022-keV γ ray associated with the decay from the 1.

β+ Gamow-Teller transition strengths from 46Ti and stellar electron-capture rates.

The Gamow-Teller strength in the β(+) direction to (46)Sc was extracted via the (46)Ti(t,(3)He + γ) reaction at 115  MeV/u. The γ-ray coincidences served to precisely measure the very weak Gamow-Teller transition to a final state at 991 keV. Although this transition is weak, it is crucial for accurately estimating electron-capture rates in astrophysical scenarios with relatively low stellar densities and temperatures, such as presupernova stellar evolution.

Effective helium burning rates and the production of the neutrino nuclei.

Effective values for the key helium burning reaction rates, triple-α and (12)C(α, γ)(16)O, are obtained by adjusting their strengths so as to obtain the best match with the solar abundance pattern of isotopes uniquely or predominately made in core-collapse supernovae. These effective rates are then used to determine the production of the neutrino isotopes. The use of effective rates considerably reduces the uncertainties in the production factors arising from uncertainties in the helium burning rates, and improves our ability to use the production of B11 to constrain the neutrino emission from supernovae.

Probing configuration mixing in 12Be with Gamow-Teller transition strengths.

We present a novel technique for studying the quenching of shell gaps in exotic isotopes. The method is based on extracting Gamow-Teller (ΔL=0, ΔS=1) transition strengths [B(GT)] to low-lying states from charge-exchange reactions at intermediate beam energies. These Gamow-Teller strengths are very sensitive to configuration mixing between cross-shell orbitals, and this technique thus provides an important complement to other tools currently used to study cross-shell mixing.

Gamow-Teller transition strengths from 56Ni.

A new technique to measure (p,n) charge-exchange reactions in inverse kinematics at intermediate energies on unstable isotopes was successfully developed and used to study the (56)Ni(p,n) reaction at 110 MeV/u. Gamow-Teller transition strengths from (56)Ni leading to (56)Cu were obtained and compared with shell-model predictions in the pf shell using the KB3G and GXPF1A interactions. The calculations with the GXPF1A interaction reproduce the experimental strength distribution much better than the calculations that employed the KB3G interaction, indicating deficiencies in the spin-orbit and proton-neutron residual potentials for the latter.

11B and constraints on neutrino oscillations and spectra from neutrino nucleosynthesis.

We study the sensitivity to variations in the triple-alpha and 12C(α,γ)16O reaction rates, of the yield of the neutrino-process isotopes 7Li, 11B, 19F, 138La, and 180Ta in core-collapse supernovae. Compared to solar abundances, less than 15% of 7Li, about 25%-80% of 19F, and about half of 138La is produced in these stars. Over a range of ±2σ for each helium-burning rate, 11B is overproduced and the yield varies by an amount larger than the variation caused by the effects of neutrino oscillations.

34P(7Li,7Be+γ) reaction at 100A MeV in inverse kinematics.

We report on the first successful extraction of a β+ Gamow-Teller strength distribution from a radioactive isotope in an intermediate-energy charge-exchange experiment in inverse kinematics. The (7Li,7Be+γ(429  keV)) reaction at 100A  MeV was used to measure Gamow-Teller transition strengths from 34P to states in 34Si. The results show that little mixing occurs between sd and pf shell configurations for the low-lying 0+ and 2+ states even though 34Si neighbors the island of inversion and low-lying 2ℏω intruder states exist.

Extraction of weak transition strengths via the (3He, t) reaction at 420 MeV.

Differential cross sections for transitions of known weak strength were measured with the (3He, t) reaction at 420 MeV on targets of 12C, 13C, 18O, 26Mg, 58Ni, 60Ni, 90Zr, 118Sn, 120Sn, and 208Pb. Using these data, it is shown that the proportionalities between strengths and cross sections for this probe follow simple trends as a function of mass number. These trends can be used to confidently determine Gamow-Teller strength distributions in nuclei for which the proportionality cannot be calibrated via beta-decay strengths.

Reduction in radioactive material use and waste generation at the National Institutes of Health.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has implemented an enhanced and comprehensive program to reduce the use of radioactive materials and to minimize the generation of radioactive and mixed wastes. The primary drivers for this program were increasing waste management costs, difficulties in disposing of certain types of radioactive wastes, particularly mixed wastes, and the increasing burden of managing radioactive materials in accordance with new regulatory requirements. These minimization efforts, coupled with the development of new on-site waste treatment options and the use of commercially available waste processing facilities, have resulted in significant reductions in the use of radioactive materials in bench research and the resultant amounts of radioactive and mixed waste generated and disposed off-site.

S17(0) determined from the Coulomb breakup of 83 MeV /nucleon 8B.

A kinematically complete measurement was made of the Coulomb dissociation of 8B nuclei on a Pb target at 83 MeV/nucleon. The cross section was measured at low relative energies in order to infer the astrophysical S factor for the 7Be(p,gamma)8B reaction. A first-order perturbation theory analysis including E1, E2, and M1 transitions was employed to extract the E1 strength relevant to neutrino-producing reactions in the solar interior.

Minimization and management of wastes from biomedical research.

Several committees were established by the National Association of Physicians for the Environment to investigate and report on various topics at the National Leadership Conference on Biomedical Research and the Environment held at the 1--2 November 1999 at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. This is the report of the Committee on Minimization and Management of Wastes from Biomedical Research. Biomedical research facilities contribute a small fraction of the total amount of wastes generated in the United States, and the rate of generation appears to be decreasing.

Prebiotic synthesis of vitamin B6-type compounds.

Heating a dilute solution of NH3 and glycoaldehyde gives a large family of pyridines substituted with the same functional groups as occur in the forms of vitamin B6. Thus, vitamin B6-like molecules could have been present on the early Earth and could have been available for catalysis of primitive transamination reactions. Ethanolamine and N-methylethanolamine are also formed as major products.

Hemopericardium with cardiac tamponade after intravenous thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction.

This report presents 2 patients with hemopericardium and tamponade encountered among a group of 26 patients who had received intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction during an 8-month time span. Both responded promptly to pericardiocentesis and pericardial catheter drainage. It is suggested that this rarely reported complication has the potential of occurring more frequently with increasing use of thrombolytics followed by aggressive anticoagulant regimens.

The clinical value of computerized information services. A review of 98 randomized clinical trials.

Objective: To review all randomized clinical trials addressing the efficacy of clinical information systems and to determine the clinical settings, types of interventions, and effects studied.

Data Sources: Extensive and systematic MEDLINE searches were conducted using a combination of medical subject headings (MeSH) and textword terms to collect trial reports. Manual searches of books and monographs as well as informal contacts were also used.