Diffusion and hydrodynamic instabilities in membrane systems with water solutions of NaCl and ethanol.

The characteristic manifestations of instability were observed in the form of voltage pulsations measured between electrodes immersed directly in solutions of membrane system chambers, in different configurations of membrane systems. The reason for this type of voltage pulsations is Rayleigh-Benard type instabilities of near-membrane layers caused by density gradients of solutions in these layers. The time of build-up of the concentration boundary layer, after which hydrodynamic instability appears is one of important parameters of these phenomena.

Influence of Method of Treatment of Mandibular Condylar Fractures on Range of Articular Path Measured by Cadiax Device.

: The aim of this study was to evaluate the function of the treated temporomandibular joint based on the analysis of the image of the articular path using the Cadiax device depending on the choice of treatment method for unilateral condylar fracture of the mandible. : Sixty patients who were treated for condylar fractures of the mandible at the Maxil-lofacial Surgery Department in Katowice were qualified for the analysis of the range of movements of the mandibular heads using the Cadiax device. From the group of patients who suffered fractures of the mandible, including condylar processes, patients were finally qualified for the measurement of the articular path of the injured and healthy joint according to strict criteria.

Network Derivation of Liquid Junction Potentials in Single-Membrane System.

Peusner's network thermodynamics (PNT) is one of the more important formalisms of nonequilibrium thermodynamics used to describe membrane transport and the conversion of the internal energy of the system into energy dissipated in the environment and free energy used for the work involved in the transport of solution components in membrane processes. A procedure of transformation the Kedem-Katchalsky (K-K) equations for the transport of binary electrolytic solutions through a membrane to the Kedem-Katchalsky-Peusner (K-K-P) equations based on the PNT formalism for liquid junction potentials was developed. The subject of the study was a membrane used for hemodialysis (Ultra Flo 145 Dialyser) and aqueous NaCl solutions.

The Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Compared with Compression Therapy in Healing Venous Leg Ulcers.

: Innovative methods of physical therapy delivered via modern medical devices have significantly extended the possibility of applying conservative treatments in healing venous leg ulcers. The primary objective of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of selected mechanical physical therapies (intermittent pneumatic compression vs. radial extracorporeal shockwave vs.

L version of the transformed Kedem-Katchalsky equations for membrane transport of electrolyte solutions and internal energy conversion.

Background: One of the important formalisms of non-equilibrium thermodynamics is Peusner network thermodynamics. The description of the energy conversion in membrane processes, i.e.

In Vitro Comparison of Several Thrombus Removal Tools.

Background: Although the routine use of thrombus aspiration is not recommended, the thrombectomy technique still might be considered for a selected population of patients. Therefore, the assessment of the effectiveness of commercially available thrombectomy devices is still clinically relevant.

Aim: Here, we present an in vitro comparison of several different types of catheters that can be used for thrombus aspiration or removal.

Analgesic and Functional Efficiency of High-Voltage Electrical Stimulation in Patients with Lateral Epicondylitis-A Report with a 180-Day Follow-Up.

The available publications describing the beneficial effects of electrostimulation does not unequivocally confirm the clinical utility of high-voltage electrical stimulation (HVES) in the treatment of the lateral epicondylitis (LE). The aim of this study was the estimation of the effect of HVES on pain intensity and functional efficiency, both in the short and long term in patients with LE. The trial was registered by the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621001389897).

Study of thin layer film evolution near bacterial cellulose membrane by Ag|AgCl electrodes in chamber with lower concentration.

We used the method of measuring potential difference between two Ag|AgCl electrodes immersed directly into electrolyte solution with lower concentration and at different distances from membrane. The bacterial cellulose membrane was placed in horizontal plane in the membrane system with configurations with higher NaCl concentration and density under (A) and over the membrane (B). In both configurations at the initial moment the voltage between electrodes amounted to zero.

Type of Physical Training and Selected Aspects of Psychological Functioning of Women with Obesity: A Randomised Trial.

Objective: We conducted a prospective randomised trial to assess whether a specific type of regular physical training performed by women with obesity is related to obtaining specific psychological benefits.

Methods: Forty-four women qualified for the study and were divided into two groups. The applied intervention consisted of regular three-month physical exercises in the form of endurance training (group A) or endurance strength training (group B).

A Comparative Study of Pigmented and Non-pigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma in Reflectance Confocal Microscopy.

Background/aim: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common skin cancer, especially in the elderly population. The probability of BCC development increases past the age of 55. Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) are two modern tools useful in the diagnosis of BCC.

The Form of the Kedem-Katchalsky-Peusner Model Equations for Description of the Membrane Transport in Concentration Polarization Conditions.

The paper presents the Rr matrix form of Kedem-Katchalsky-Peusner equations for membrane transport of the non-homogeneous ternary non-electrolyte solutions. Peusner's coefficients Rijr and [Rr] (, ∈ {1, 2, 3}, = A, B) occurring in these equations, were calculated for Nephrophan biomembrane, glucose in aqueous ethanol solutions and two different settings of the solutions relative to the horizontally oriented membrane for concentration polarization conditions or homogeneity of solutions. Kedem-Katchalsky coefficients, measured for homogeneous and non-homogeneous solutions, were used for the calculations.

Efficacy of intra-arterial lidocaine infusion in the treatment of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis.

Background: Disturbances in pancreatic microcirculation, beginning with vasoconstriction, are crucial in early pancreatitis and progression to necrotizing pancreatitis. Thus, vascular-targeted treatment aiming to restore a sufficient level of microcirculation through vasodilation would possibly reduce the severity of pancreatitis. Lidocaine is an anti-arrhythmic and local anesthetic drug, which also acts as a vasodilator at higher concentrations.

Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein.

The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of chronic venous disease (CVD) remains obscure. It has been postulated that oscillatory flow present in incompetent veins causes proinflammatory changes. Our earlier study confirmed this hypothesis.

Concentration polarization phenomenon in the case of mechanical pressure difference on the membrane.

We analyzed the transport of KCl solutions through the bacterial cellulose membrane and concentration boundary layers (CBLs) near membrane with pressure differences on the membrane. The membrane was located in horizontal-plane between two chambers with different KCL solutions. The membrane was located in horizontal-plane between two chambers with different KCL solutions.

The role of mechanical pressure difference in the generation of membrane voltage under conditions of concentration polarization.

The mechanical pressure difference across the bacterial cellulose membrane located in a horizontal plane causes asymmetry of voltage measured between electrodes immersed in KCl solutions symmetrically on both sides of the membrane. For all measurements, KCl solution with lower concentration was above the membrane. In configuration of the analyzed membrane system, the concentration boundary layers (CBLs) are created only by molecular diffusion.

Transport of non-electrolyte solutions through membrane with concentration polarization.

Mathematical model of the volume fluxes through neutral membrane with concentration boundary layers on both sides of this membrane is presented. This model, based on the Kedem-Katchalsky equations, describes the volume flux generated by osmotic and hydrostatic forces for non-homogeneous and non-electrolyte solutions. Nonlinear equation for volume flux was used for numerical calculation in linear regime of hydrodynamic stability.

Time evolution of NaCl flux through the microbial cellulose membrane with concentration polarization.

The method of solute permeability coefficient and solute fluxes appointment for the membrane, based on monitoring of changes of conductivity of electrolyte solutions was presented. It was stated that during mechanical stirring of solutions the coefficient of NaCl permeability for microbial cellulose membrane (Biofill) did not depend on configuration of the membrane system and concentrations of solutions. Time characteristics of NaCl flux through the membrane Biofill oriented in horizontal plane were measured and modeled.

[Osmo-diffusive transport through microbial cellulose membrane: the computer model simulation in 3D graphic of the dissipation energy for various values of membrane permeability parameters].

Linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics (LNET) has been used to express the dissipation function in single-membrane system with mechanical and osmotic pressures difference and volume and solute fluxes in a homogeneous binary non-electrolyte solution. On the basis of Kedem-Katchalsky model equations, the dissipation function in single-membrane system was derived in practical forms. Using that function, the numerical calculations for microbial cellulose polymeric membrane were performed.

Osmotic, diffusive and convective volume and solute flows of ionic solutions through a horizontally mounted polymeric membrane.

On the basis of Kedem-Katchalsky's equations in classical and modified versions, the model equations of volume and solute fluxes were presented. In this model the osmotic volume flux is a sum of: simple osmotic, osmotic connected with natural convection and osmotic connected with forced convection fluxes. The solute flux is a sum of: simple diffusion, diffusion connected with natural convection and diffusion connected with forced convection fluxes.

[Theoretical analysis of the membrane transport non-homogeneous non-electrolyte solutions: influence of thermodynamic forces on thickness of concentration boundary layers for binary solutions].

The nonlinear mathematical model equations for membrane transport of binary non-electrolyte solutions was presented. This model, the influence of the volume flows caused by simultaneous action of osmotic and hydraulic forces in concentration boundary layers creation, controlled by concentration Rayleigh number is taken into account. In a basis of obtained fourth order equations, the numerical calculations of concentration boundary layers thicknesses (delta(l) and delta(h)) for five variables: concentration (C(h)), hydrostatic pressure difference (deltaP), hydraulic permeability (L(p)), reflection (sigma), solute permeability (omega) coefficients and concentration Rayleigh number (R(c)) were performed.

A development of the generalized Spiegler-Kedem-Katchalsky model equations for interactions of hydrated species in transport through polymeric membranes.

A new analysis is presented of the relations between multicomponent friction coefficients and hydration numbers which describe non-ionic and multicomponent solutes transport in membranes in the framework of generalized Spiegler-Kedem-Katchalsky frictional model equations. In the framework of this model the expressions linking the permeability parameters of the membrane (Lp, sigma, omegaik) with the friction coefficients (fik) for n-component non-ionic hydrated solutions were presented. This analysis is applied to calculation the frictional and phenomenological coefficients change with hydration numbers of solutes for binary and ternary non-ionic solutions was presented.

A numerical study of the hydrodynamic stable concentration boundary layers in a membrane system under microgravitational conditions.

On the basis of the classic formula of the concentration Rayleigh number and the Kedem-Katchalsky equation for diffusive membrane transport, we derived the equations of sixteenth order which show the dependence of the thicknesses of the concentration boundary layers on the difference of the solution concentrations, the concentration Rayleigh number, the solute permeability coefficient of the membrane and the diffusion coefficients in the solution, the kinematic viscosity of the solution, the density of solutions, the temperature and gravitational acceleration. The obtained equation has numerical solutions in the first, third and fourth quadrant of a co-ordinate system. However, only two solutions from the first quadrant of the co-ordinate system have physical meaning.

Study of the electromotive force of electrochemical cell with polymeric membrane oriented in horizontal plane.

In order to characterize processes proceeded in concentration boundary layers (CBLs), divided by neutral and horizontally mounted membrane, the electromotive force (EMF) during and after turning off mechanical stirring of aqueous KCl solutions was measured. The EMF was measured by means of Ag / AgCl electrodes and electrometer connected with a microcomputer. Aqueous solutions of KCl with fixed and lower concentration Cl = 10(-5) mol x l(-1) was over the membrane, while KCl concentration under the membrane Ch > Cl was changed.