FOUR score in monitoring the level of consciousness of an intensive care patient: first experience of the use of the Finnish language version.

Background: The goal was to increase the knowledge of Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) score in Finland, release its Finnish version and to evaluate its usefulness in Finnish ICU patients.

Materials And Methods: The highest FOUR and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of the adult ICU patients treated in Tampere University Hospital between 1st January and 31st October 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. In-hospital and 1-month mortality were the primary end-points.

Cytoplasmic HuR expression correlates with epithelial cancer cell but not with stromal cell cyclooxygenase-2 expression in mucinous ovarian carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression has been found to associate with poor prognosis in several types of carcinomas. HuR is an mRNA stability protein and it regulates the expression of COX-2.

Objectives And Methods: We analyzed the expression of COX-2 and HuR in 64 mucinous ovarian carcinoma specimens by immunohistochemistry.

Prognostic role of cyclooxygenase-2 in neoadjuvant-treated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Based on our previous demonstration that elevated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is a prognostic factor for reduced survival in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, the aim of our study was to analyze the role of COX-2 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. We analyzed COX-2 protein expression from 117 consecutive patients by immunohistochemistry using a COX-2 specific monoclonal antibody. Eighty-one patients had not received any therapy before surgery whereas 36 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy as part of a randomized controlled trial.

Association of cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in human breast cancer.

Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) associates with reduced survival in human breast cancer. COX-2 may be directly involved with mammary carcinogenesis, since expression of COX-2 is sufficient for formation of breast tumors in transgenic mice, and COX-2 selective inhibitors can suppress tumorigenesis in rodent models of breast cancer. MMP-2 is an extracellular matrix degrading proteolytic enzyme that bas been linked to invasion and metastasis.

AMES, MACIS and TNM prognostic classifications in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

The need for total thyroidectomy and extended for lymphadenectomy and the need for postoperative radioiodine ablation in the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma is continuously debated. Since less aggressive treatment in low-risk patients has been suggested, several scoring systems have been developed to identify low-risk patients. In the current study, we compared the AMES, MACIS and TNM staging systems in predicting carcinoma-specific mortality in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Comparison of cyclooxygenase 2 expression in adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia and distal oesophagus.

Background: Adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia and distal oesophagus are at present often considered as one clinical entity because of their comparable increasing incidence, prognosis, and optimal treatment options. However, it is still a matter of debate whether these malignancies have the same pathogenesis and genotype.

Aims: The aim of this study was to analyse expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in cardia carcinomas, and correlate this expression with clinicopathological parameters and survival.

Cytoplasmic HuR expression correlates with poor outcome and with cyclooxygenase 2 expression in serous ovarian carcinoma.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression has been shown to associate with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer, and an mRNA stability protein HuR has been shown to enhance expression of COX-2 in tissue culture conditions. We found cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for HuR protein in 52% (233 of 445) of serous-type ovarian carcinoma specimens, and it associated with high COX-2 expression (P = 0.0045) and with clinicopathological variables, including poor prognosis (P < 0.

Cyclooxygenase-2 and gastric carcinogenesis.

Epidemiological studies have shown that the use of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with reduced risk of gastric cancer. The best-known target of NSAIDs is the cyclooxygenase (Cox) enzyme. Two Cox genes have been cloned, of which Cox-2 has been connected with gastric carcinogenesis.

Expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma and in gastric cancer cell lines.

Gastrointestinal carcinomas synthesize elevated levels of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), which has been mechanistically linked to carcinogenesis. Recently, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) was cloned, which seems to be inducible and linked to cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in the biosynthesis of PGE(2). We examined expression of mPGES-1 in intestinal type gastric adenocarcinomas and in gastric cancer cell lines.

Prognostic significance of elevated cyclooxygenase 2 expression in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.

Background & Aims: Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with a reduced risk of cancer in the digestive tract. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the best-known target of NSAIDs, and expression of the COX-2 isoform is elevated in esophageal carcinomas but its clinical significance remains unclear. We examined COX-2 expression in esophageal adenocarcinomas and its relation to clinicopathologic parameters.

Prognostic significance of elevated cyclooxygenase-2 expression in breast cancer.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression can induce mammary tumorigenesis in transgenic mice, and selective Cox-2 inhibitors are both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic in rat models of breast cancer. We analyzed the expression of Cox-2 protein by immunohistochemistry in tissue array specimens of 1576 invasive breast cancers. Moderate to strong (elevated) expression of Cox-2 protein was observed in 37.

Long term prognosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma in 39 patients.

Background And Aims: Thyroidectomy and radical cervical lymph node dissection have been suggested as primary and secondary operations aimed at achieving biochemical cure in cases of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The purpose of this study was to find out behaviour of MTC in long-term follow-up, and to estimate possible difference in biological virulence between sporadic MTC and MTC in MEN2A.

Material And Methods: From 1967 through 1994, 39 patients with MTC, including 9 patients with hereditary disease, were operated on at the Second Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital.

Natural course of adrenal incidentalomas: seven-year follow-up study.

Most adrenal incidentalomas are nonfunctioning cortical adenomas that do not require surgery. Operative treatment is indicated if the incidentaloma has malignant features as seen during the radiologic workup, is hormonally active, or grows during follow-up. A conservative attitude is justified in asymptomatic patients if we know that the natural course of these tumors is not disadvantageous.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma survival.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a rare, highly malignant tumor of elderly people. The purpose of this retrospective study was to characterize the patient population and to detect a potential subgroup with better prognosis or any intervention that would be useful. From 1967 through 1994 a total of 33 anaplastic thyroid carcinomas were operated on at the Second Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital.

The value of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and frozen section examination (FS) in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer.

Background And Aims: Although only a small minority of thyroid nodules are malignant, a large proportion of operations are performed to exclude malignancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of preoperative ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and intraoperative frozen section examination (FS) in the management of thyroid cancer.

Material And Methods: A retrospective study of 664 consecutive patients operated on for thyroid cancer from 1966 through 1994 at the Meilahti Hospital was performed.

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism: clinical experience in 12 patients.

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become a viable option for removal of small adrenal neoplasms. We present our initial experience of this operation for primary aldosteronism. In this prospective study, 12 consecutive patients with primary aldosteronism were operated on laparoscopically by one surgeon.

Adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism: long-term follow-up study in 29 patients.

Primary aldosteronism consists of a mixture of subgroups. The operative treatment is successful only in cases of aldosterone-producing neoplasia (and in rare cases of primary unilateral hyperplasia); all other cases should be treated medically. The aim of this study was to determine if aldosterone-producing neoplasia had been successfully differentiated from the other subgroups and the outcome of operative treatment.

Long-term health risk of primary hyperparathyroidism: the effect of surgery.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common disease but 90% of sufferers remain undetected. In elderly women its prevalence is about 1%. The disease can cause severe hypercalcaemia and lead to life-threatening symptoms.

Incidentalomas of the adrenal gland: 36 operated patients and review of literature.

Incidental discovery of an adrenal mass during radiologic examinations is common. Several recommendations have been made for the management of so-called incidentalomas. It has become clear that not all incidentalomas should be operated, but the criteria for nonoperative treatment have been under continuous debate.

Gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A population-based clinicopathological study of 111 adult cases with a follow-up of 10-15 years.

All cases of gastrointestinal (GI) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosed in Finland between 1972 and 1977 were histologically reexamined and immunostained in order to study the value of histological classification. One hundred and eleven cases were found. The crude annual incidence was 0.

[Endocrine surgery today].

Endocrine surgery is an important branch of modern surgery, and includes surgery of the thyroid and parathyroid as well as operative treatment of endocrine tumours in the adrenals, pancreas and the alimentary tract. Close cooperation between endocrine surgeons, medical endocrinologists, pathologists and radiologists is a prerequisite. The development of endocrine surgery has a long tradition in the Scandinavian countries, characterised by cooperation both in surgical training and research.

Primary small intestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Finland 1972-1977. Clinical presentation and results of treatment.

During the period of 1972-1977, 29 patients were treated for primary non-Hodgkin's small intestinal lymphoma (PSIL) in different hospitals in Finland. Most frequently the disease occurred in patients in middle age and there was a male predominance. Clinical symptoms were non-specific.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma: the new, age-related TNM classification system in a retrospective analysis of 199 patients.

The new, age-related TNM classification system of papillary thyroid carcinoma was applied in a retrospective analysis of 199 patients operated on during the 24-year period from 1956 through 1979 at the Second Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital. According to the new staging system, 103 patients (under 45 years of age) and 96 T1 patients (45 years of age and older) were categorized into stage I. The incidence of carcinoma-positive cervical lymph nodes was highest among patients under 30 years of age at primary surgery.

Primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Finland, 1972-1977. Clinical presentation and results of treatment.

During the period 1972-1977, 66 patients were treated for primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in various hospitals in Finland. Most frequently, the disease occurred in middle-aged or old patients and had a male predominance. Clinical symptoms were non-specific.