Prediabetes: Adherence to Nutrition Visits Decreases HbA1c in Children and Adolescents.

Background: Prediabetes, the precursor of type 2 diabetes (T2D), is on the rise in the US, but the determinants of its progression are poorly characterized in youth.

Objective: To determine the impact of nutrition visits, as a surrogate marker of lifestyle modification, on the trajectory of prediabetes over a 4-year period.

Hypothesis: Adherence to nutrition visits could reduce BMI and lower HbA1c.

Swelling and contraction of heart mitochondria suspended in ammonium phosphate.

Bovine heart mitochondria which have been allowed to swell in isotonic NH4+ phosphate contract in response to initiation of oxidative phosphorylation. The contraction occurs optimally at pH 6.0 and appears from inhibition studies to result from Pi uptake being slower than removal of internal Pi via phosphorylation of external ADP.

Magnesium-induced inner membrane aggregation in heart mitochondria.

Mg(2+) at an optimal concentration of 2mM (ph 6.5) induces large increases (up to 30 percent) in the optical density of bovine heart mitochondria incubated under conditions of low ionic strength (< approx. 0.

Adenine nucleotide-induced contraction on the inner mitochondrial membrane. II. Effect of bongkrekic acid.

In bovine heart mitochondria bongkrekic acid at concentrations as low as about 4 nmol/mg protein (a) completely inhibits phosphorylation of exogenous adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and dephosphorylation of exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP), (b) completely reverses atractyloside inhibition of inner membrane contraction induced by exogenous adenine nucleotides, and (c) decreases the amount of adenine nucleotide required to elicit maximal exogenous adenine nucleotide-induced inner membrane contraction to a level which appears to correspond closely with the concentration of contractile, exogenous adenine nucleotide binding sites Bongkrekic acid at concentrations greater than 4 nmol/mg protein induces inner membrane contraction which seems to depend on the presence of endogenous ADP and/or ATP. The findings appear to be consistent with the interpretations (a) that the inner mitochondrial membrane contains two types of contractile, adenine nucleotide binding sites, (b) that the two sites differ markedly with regard to adenine nucleotide affinity, (c) that the high affinity site is identical with the adenine nucleotide exchange carrier, (d) that the low affinity site is accessible exclusively to endogenous adenine nucleotides and is largely unoccupied in the absence of bongkrekic acid, and (e) that bongkrekic acid increases the affinity of both sites in proportion to the amount of the antibiotic bound to the inner membrane.

Adenine nucleotide-induced contraction of the inner mitochondrial membrane. I. General characterization.

The inner membranes of isolated bovine heart mitochondria undergo pronounced contraction upon being exposed to exogenous adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and certain other high-energy phosphate compounds. Contraction results in decrease of inner membrane expanse which in turn results in decrease of intracristal space and increase of mitochondrial optical density (OD). The magnitude of the OD change appears to be proportional to the degree of contraction Half-maximal contraction can be achieved with ADP or ATP at concentrations as low as about 0 3 microM.

Osmotically-induced alterations in volume and ultrastructure of mitochondria isolated from rat liver and bovine heart.

Detailed studies correlating changes in mitochondrial optical density, packed volume, and ultrastructure associated with osmotically-induced swelling were performed. Various swelling states were established by incubating mitochondria (isolated in 0.25 M sucrose) at 0 degrees C for 5 min in series of KCl and sucrose solutions ranging in tonicity from 250 to 3 milliosmols.