Dark-Field Absorbance Circular Dichroism of Oriented Chiral Thin Films.

Dark-field and confocal approaches to circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of uniaxial thin films examine the relationship between symmetry and incoherence in the nonreciprocal CD response, or the component that is antisymmetric about the light propagation direction. Modifying a conventional CD spectrometer for low-angle scattering detection isolates incoherent contributions to nonreciprocal CD of drop-cast thin films, boasting 5-to-10-fold enhancements in CD dissymmetry parameters. Conversely, confocal detection suppresses the nonreciprocal CD response.

RNA splicing: a split consensus reveals two major 5' splice site classes.

The established consensus sequence for human 5' splice sites masks the presence of two major splice site classes defined by preferential base-pairing potentials with either U5 snRNA loop 1 or the U6 snRNA ACAGA box. The two 5' splice site classes are separable in genome sequences, sensitized by specific genotypes and associated with splicing complexity. The two classes reflect the commitment to 5' splice site usage occurring primarily during 5' splice site transfer to U6 snRNA.

Content and outcome of non-pharmacological rehabilitation in hospital, or community-based care, for women with traumatic brain injury: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health issue and a leading cause of long-term disabilities and mortality worldwide. There is growing evidence that TBI rehabilitation should be differentiated and individualised according to gender to provide more effective healthcare and rehabilitation. However, there is a lack of reviews focusing on the rehabilitation for women with TBI and there is a need to summarise existing knowledge to guide and individualise their rehabilitation.

Potential to reduce margins and Shrink targets in patients with intact cervical cancer treated on An MRI guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) system.

Introduction: Consensus contouring guidelines for intensity-modulated-radiation-therapy (IMRT) of patients with locally advanced cervix cancer (LACC) advise including the whole uterus in the target volume and adding generous planning-target-volumes (PTVs) to account for motion uncertainties of the gross-tumor-volume (GTV). The primary objective of this analysis was to assess the interfractional GTV motions using a magnetic-resonance-image (MRI) guided-Radiation-Therapy (MRgRT) system to investigate the margins required for MRgRT treatments.

Methods: 125 daily set-up MRIs from five patients with LACC who received MRgRT were analyzed.

Measuring the Response Diversity of Ecological Communities Experiencing Multifarious Environmental Change.

The diversity in organismal responses to environmental changes (i.e., response diversity) plays a crucial role in shaping community and ecosystem stability.

Training of Awareness in ADHD: Leveraging Metacognition.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that is prevalent in children and adults, with significant impact on life outcomes. Common treatment strategies include a combination of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions which have recognized limits to their effectiveness. Consequently, there exists interest in additional non-pharmacological interventions.

Diffusion and Exchange Kinetics of Microparticle Formulations by Spatial Fourier Transform Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching with Patterned Illumination.

The mechanism of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) mobility during release in microparticle formulation was investigated using periodically structured illumination combined with spatial Fourier transform fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FT-FRAP). FT-FRAP applies structured photobleaching across a given field of view, allowing for the monitoring of molecular mobility through the analysis of recovery patterns in the FT domain. Encoding molecular mobility in the FT domain offers several advantages, including improved signal-to-noise ratio, simplified mathematical calculations, reduced sampling requirements, compatibility with multiphoton microscopy for imaging API molecules within the formulations, and the ability to distinguish between exchange and diffusion processes.

Predicting the Healing of Lower Extremity Fractures Using Wearable Ground Reaction Force Sensors and Machine Learning.

Lower extremity fractures pose challenges due to prolonged healing times and limited assessment methods. Integrating wearable sensors with machine learning can help overcome these challenges by providing objective assessment and predicting fracture healing. In this retrospective study, data from a gait monitoring insole on 25 patients with closed lower extremity fractures were analyzed.

The fast committor machine: Interpretable prediction with kernels.

In the study of stochastic systems, the committor function describes the probability that a system starting from an initial configuration x will reach a set B before a set A. This paper introduces an efficient and interpretable algorithm for approximating the committor, called the "fast committor machine" (FCM). The FCM uses simulated trajectory data to build a kernel-based model of the committor.

Factors Associated with Device, Internet and Videoconferencing Use Amongst Individuals with Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Videoconferencing (VC) has the potential to improve access to quality healthcare for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who require intensive and ongoing rehabilitation post-injury. Gaps in information and communication technology (ICT) use, access, and skills, however, may undermine equitable participation in remotely delivered healthcare and rehabilitation. This cross-sectional study sought to identify which demographic, injury-related, and psychological factors are associated with gaps in digital inclusion amongst individuals with a TBI.

Trajectories in long-term condition accumulation and mortality in older adults: a group-based trajectory modelling approach using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Objectives: To classify older adults into clusters based on accumulating long-term conditions (LTC) as trajectories, characterise clusters and quantify their associations with all-cause mortality.

Design: We conducted a longitudinal study using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing over 9 years (n=15 091 aged 50 years and older). Group-based trajectory modelling was used to classify people into clusters based on accumulating LTC over time.

Excited-State Half-Lives in ^{130}Cd and the Isospin Dependence of Effective Charges.

The known I^{π}=8_{1}^{+}, E_{x}=2129-keV isomer in the semimagic nucleus ^{130}Cd_{82} was populated in the projectile fission of a ^{238}U beam at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory at RIKEN. The high counting statistics of the accumulated data allowed us to determine the excitation energy, E_{x}=2001.2(7)  keV, and half-life, T_{1/2}=57(3)  ns, of the I^{π}=6_{1}^{+} state based on γγ coincidence information.

Measurement of Spiritual Wellbeing in an Australian Hospital Population Using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy: Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (FACIT-Sp-12).

Spiritual wellbeing is known to be a predictor of increased patient coping in hospital settings. Therefore, access to a valid and reliable measure of spiritual wellbeing amongst general hospital patients is highly recommended. The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensionality, reliability, and validity of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Wellbeing scale (FACIT-Sp-12) in a heterogeneous cohort of hospital patients.

Diffusion Mapping with Diffractive Optical Elements for Periodically Patterned Photobleaching.

Fourier transform-fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FT-FRAP) using a diffractive optical element (DOE) is shown to support distance-dependent diffusion analysis in biologically relevant media. Integration of DOEs enables patterning of a dot array for parallel acquisition of point-bleach FRAP measurements at multiple locations across the field of view. In homogeneous media, the spatial harmonics of the dot array analyzed in the spatial Fourier transform domain yield diffusion recovery curves evaluated over specific well-defined distances.

An epidemiological analysis of TB trends in native and migrant populations, New Mexico, 1993-2021.

To analyze the epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiographic and treatment outcome trends in non-US-born individuals with TB in New Mexico.We retrospectively analyzed TB data from New Mexico TB surveillance system from (1993-2021), comparing variables between non-US-born and US-born individuals.Of the 1,512 TB cases, 876 (56.

Is oncolytic adenoviral-mediated immunotherapy through p53-overexpression the solution to refractory pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma?

Araki H, Tazawa H, Kanaya N, et al. Oncolytic virus-mediated p53 overexpression promotes immunogenic cell death and efficacy of PD-1 blockade in pancreatic cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics.

U6 snRNA m6A modification is required for accurate and efficient splicing of C. elegans and human pre-mRNAs.

pre-mRNA splicing is a critical feature of eukaryotic gene expression. Both cis- and trans-splicing rely on accurately recognising splice site sequences by spliceosomal U snRNAs and associated proteins. Spliceosomal snRNAs carry multiple RNA modifications with the potential to affect different stages of pre-mRNA splicing.

Neurological outcome following out of hospital cardiac arrest: Evaluation of performance of existing risk prediction models in a UK cohort.

Introduction: Out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a common problem. Rates of survival are low and a proportion of survivors are left with an unfavourable neurological outcome. Four models have been developed to predict risk of unfavourable outcome at the time of critical care admission - the Cardiac Arrest Hospital Prognosis (CAHP), MIRACLE, Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA), and Targeted Temperature Management (TTM) models.

Interventions to support children after a parental acquired brain injury: a scoping review.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to identify manualised programs and practice suggestions to support children's health literacy, behaviors and emotions after a parental acquired brain injury.

Methods: A systematic search of five scientific databases (PsychINFO, MEDLINE, ProQuest, Scopus, Cochrane) and gray literature occurred. Inclusion criteria included: studies and gray literature published 1989 to 2023, in English, child populations with relationship to parental acquired brain injury, identifying manualised programs or practice suggestions via content analysis approach.

Unravelling the maternal evolutionary history of the African leopard ().

The African leopard () has lost a significant proportion of its historical range, notably in north-western Africa and South Africa. Recent studies have explored the genetic diversity and population structure of African leopards across the continent. A notable genetic observation is the presence of two divergent mitochondrial lineages, PAR-I and PAR-II.

Perceptions and experiences of living with and providing care for multimorbidity: A qualitative interview study.

Background: Experiences of living with and seeking care for multimorbidity is a relatively under-researched field. By analysing experiences of people with multimorbidity, caregivers and care professionals, we can better understand the complex care needs of those with multimorbidity and identify improvements to care management. This paper reports findings from research that elicited the views of key stakeholders to inform future care practice and policy.

Theoretical basis for interpreting heterodyne chirality-selective sum frequency generation spectra of water.

Chirality-selective vibrational sum frequency generation (chiral SFG) spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful technique for the study of biomolecular hydration water due to its sensitivity to the induced chirality of the first hydration shell. Thus far, water O-H vibrational bands in phase-resolved heterodyne chiral SFG spectra have been fit using one Lorentzian function per vibrational band, and the resulting fit has been used to infer the underlying frequency distribution. Here, we show that this approach may not correctly reveal the structure and dynamics of hydration water.

Multiple long-term conditions, loneliness and social isolation: A scoping review of recent quantitative studies.

Background: Multiple long-term conditions (MLTC), loneliness and social isolation are common in older adults. Recent studies have explored the association of MLTC with loneliness and social isolation. This scoping review aimed to map this current evidence and identify gaps in the literature.