The release of sexual conflict after sex loss is associated with evolutionary changes in gene expression.

Sexual conflict can arise because males and females, while sharing most of their genome, can have different phenotypic optima. Sexually dimorphic gene expression may help reduce conflict, but the expression of many genes may remain sub-optimal owing to unresolved tensions between the sexes. Asexual lineages lack such conflict, making them relevant models for understanding the extent to which sexual conflict influences gene expression.

Prioritizing Brain Health in Youth: Bringing Neuroscience to Society and Informing Policy, Lessons Learnt from the European Brain Council Expert Meeting Held at the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies Forum 2024.

Good brain health plays a significant role in an individual's well-being and profoundly impacts the collective economy and society. Brain development does not stop at birth, and some aspects continue throughout childhood and adolescence, allowing the full development of cognitive functions. Different determinants related to physical health, healthy environments, safety and security, life-long learning and social connection as well as access to quality services influence the way our brains develop, adapt and respond to stress and adversity.

Perceived organizational support for the treatment of opioid use disorder and its association with primary care provider treatment willingness and medication prescribing.

Introduction: Buprenorphine is a highly effective medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD; OUD), which can be prescribed alongside naloxone in the primary care setting as part of a harm reduction approach to OUD. Despite this potential, implementation challenges have limited adoption of MOUD. To address barriers at the organizational level, we need better tools to measure perceived organizational support for the treatment of OUD and use of MOUD in the primary care setting.

Exploring the therapeutic effect of human recombinant IL11 on lesioned OA human osteochondral explants.

Objective: To explore IL11 co-expression profiles in our previously reported RNA-sequencing dataset of OA articular cartilage, in interaction with IL6, and to investigate the effects of hrIL11 administration as potential therapeutic strategy for OA articular cartilage using our biomimetic aged human osteochondral explant model of OA.

Methods: We used RNA-sequencing datasets of macroscopically preserved and lesioned OA articular cartilage (N = 35 patients). Spearman correlations were calculated between IL11 and IL6 expression levels and genes expressed in cartilage (N = 20048 genes).

Diverse and highly differentiated lava suite in Jezero crater, Mars: Constraints on intracrustal magmatism revealed by Mars 2020 PIXL.

The Jezero crater floor features a suite of related, iron-rich lavas that were examined and sampled by the Mars 2020 rover Perseverance, and whose textures, minerals, and compositions were characterized by the Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL). This suite, known as the Máaz formation (fm), includes dark-toned basaltic/trachy-basaltic rocks with intergrown pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar, and altered olivine and overlying trachy-andesitic lava with reversely zoned plagioclase phenocrysts in a K-rich groundmass. Feldspar thermal disequilibrium textures indicate that they were carried from their crustal staging area.

Single-cell transcriptomics predict novel potential regulators of acute epithelial restitution in the ischemia-injured intestine.

Intestinal ischemic injury damages the epithelial barrier predisposes patients to life-threatening sepsis unless that barrier is rapidly restored. There is an age-dependency of intestinal recovery in that neonates are the most susceptible to succumb to disease of the intestinal barrier versus older patients. We have developed a pig model that demonstrates age-dependent failure of intestinal barrier restitution in neonatal pigs which can be rescued by the direct application of juvenile pig mucosal tissue, but the mechanisms of rescue remain undefined.

A randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pramipexole in addition to mood stabilisers for patients with treatment-resistant bipolar depression (the PAX-BD study).

Background: Options for 'treatment-resistant bipolar depression' (TRBD) are limited. Two small, short-term, trials of pramipexole suggest it might be an option.

Aims: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of pramipexole in the management of TRBD.

[Implementation of teledermatological consultations at Leipzig University Medical Center].

Background: Numerous patients admitted to a general hospital present skin changes as secondary findings. Approximately 800 dermatological consultations are performed annually at the Leipzig University Medical Center.

Objectives: The aim of this study was, after implementation of teledermatological consulting, the retrospective evaluation of that and the resulting satisfaction of the physicians involved.

[Cutaneous ulceration in dermatomyositis : Case reports with positive anti-NXP-2/anti-TIF1-gamma antibody status].

Painful ulcerations developed in a 33-year-old woman with anti-NXP-2-positive dermatomyositis in the facial and trunk areas and a 67-year-old woman with TIF1-gamma-positive dermatomyositis on the hands, while undergoing systemic therapy with azathioprine or low-dose methylprednisolone and cyclic administration of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), respectively. In the laboratory workup, the anti-MDA‑5 antibody status remained negative and the creatine kinase (CK) normal in both patients, while histopathological examinations were nonspecific. Intensive topical class 4 corticosteroid therapy and continuation of the immunosuppressive or immunomodulating therapy led to healing of the ulcerative skin lesions.

Syntalos: a software for precise synchronization of simultaneous multi-modal data acquisition and closed-loop interventions.

Complex experimental protocols often require multi-modal data acquisition with precisely aligned timing, as well as state- and behavior-dependent interventions. Tailored solutions are mostly restricted to individual experimental setups and lack flexibility and interoperability. We present an open-source, Linux-based integrated software solution, called 'Syntalos', for simultaneous acquisition and synchronization of data from an arbitrary number of sources, including multi-channel electrophysiological recordings and different live imaging devices, as well as closed-loop, real-time interventions with different actuators.

Defining the Cost of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Multicenter, Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing and Cost Optimization Investigation.

Background: Rotator cuff repair (RCR) is a frequently performed outpatient orthopaedic surgery, with substantial financial implications for health-care systems. Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) is a method for nuanced cost analysis and is a valuable tool for strategic health-care decision-making. The aim of this study was to apply the TDABC methodology to RCR procedures to identify specific avenues to optimize cost-efficiency within the health-care system in 2 critical areas: (1) the reduction of variability in the episode duration, and (2) the standardization of suture anchor acquisition costs.

Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial to Assess Efficacy and Safety of ELOM-080 in Outpatients with COVID-19.

Introduction: Incidences of infections with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are still high and treatment guidelines lack specific recommendations for outpatients with Coronavirus-induced disease 2019 (COVID-19). Phytomedicine ELOM-080, an enhancer of mucociliary clearance (MCC), showed benefits as add-on therapy in hospitalised COVID-19 patients.

Methods: This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study investigated whether outpatients with mild to moderate acute symptomatic COVID-19 would benefit from a 14-day treatment with ELOM-080 with regard to potential early treatment effects on cough and further typical COVID-19 symptoms.

Case report of the successful treatment of pemphigus vulgaris using ovine forestomach matrix graft.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a subtype of pemphigus and life-altering disorder that results in the formation of intraepithelial blisters in mucosa and skin. Though the etiology is not well understood, it is an autoimmune disorder resulting in acantholytic blisters due to auto-antibodies targeting proteins of keratinocyte adhesion. Rapid diagnosis and restoration of the epidermal layer is imperative for patients with PV as widespread epidermal damage can lead to high morbidity and mortality rates.

Neural Dynamics of the Processing of Speech Features: Evidence for a Progression of Features from Acoustic to Sentential Processing.

When we listen to speech, our brain's neurophysiological responses "track" its acoustic features, but it is less well understood how these auditory responses are enhanced by linguistic content. Here, we recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) responses while subjects of both sexes listened to four types of continuous-speech-like passages: speech-envelope modulated noise, English-like non-words, scrambled words, and a narrative passage. Temporal response function (TRF) analysis provides strong neural evidence for the emergent features of speech processing in cortex, from acoustics to higher-level linguistics, as incremental steps in neural speech processing.

Relationships between Patient-Reported Outcomes and Predictors of Second ACL Injuries during Unanticipated Jump Landings.

Reactive and external visual-cognitive demands are prevalent in sport and likely contribute to ACL injury scenarios. However, these demands are absent in common return-to-sport assessments. This disconnect leaves a blind spot for determining when an athlete can return to sport with mitigated re-injury risk.

Identifying risk factors for vomiting during diarrhea: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial of zinc supplementation.

Objectives: Supplemental zinc during acute diarrhea reduces illness duration but also increases vomiting. In a recent trial, we found that children receiving lower daily doses of zinc (5 mg or 10 mg vs. 20 mg) had lower rates of vomiting with comparable stool output and duration of diarrhea.

Recruitment, follow-up and survival in an 11-country cohort study of patients at the end of life and their relatives.

Background: Large, international cohort studies generate high-level evidence, but are resource intense. In end-of-life care such studies are scarce. Hence, planning for future studies in terms of data on screening, recruitment, retention and survival remains a challenge.

Exploring Patient-Related Contextual Factors and Personal Reflections About the Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) Intervention for Adults With Advanced Cancer in Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan Southern Alberta: A Mixed Methods Study.

Background: The evidence-based Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) psychotherapeutic intervention was designed to address the complex needs of those with advanced cancer. Ample evidence supports the efficacy of CALM therapy; less is known about the patient-specific factors that influence initiation and continuation of CALM sessions.

Aims: To gain understanding of patient-specific factors and referral routes that influence initiation and continuation of CALM.

Sampling Mars: Geologic context and preliminary characterization of samples collected by the NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission.

The NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission has collected samples of rock, regolith, and atmosphere within the Noachian-aged Jezero Crater, once the site of a delta-lake system with a high potential for habitability and biosignature preservation. Between sols 109 and 1,088 of the mission, 27 sample tubes have been sealed, including witness tubes. Each sealed sample tube has been collected along with detailed documentation provided by the Perseverance instrument payload, preserving geological and environmental context.

The association between adverse childhood experiences and adult cardiac function in the UK Biobank.

Aims: The importance of early life factors in determining health in later adulthood is increasingly recognized. This study evaluated the association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) phenotypes.

Methods And Results: UK Biobank participants who had completed CMR and the self-reported questionnaire on traumatic childhood experiences were included.

Bone quality relies on hyaluronan synthesis - Insights from mice with complete knockout of hyaluronan synthase expression.

Bone consists of a complex mineralised matrix that is maintained by a controlled equilibrium of synthesis and resorption by different cell types. Hyaluronan (HA) is an important glycosaminoglycan in many tissues including bone. Previously, the importance of HA synthesis for bone development during embryogenesis has been shown.

Injury Risk Factors Related to Sport Specialization in High School Basketball: A Prospective Study.

Context: Research that has examined the association between specialization and injury in basketball has been limited to cross-sectional or retrospective studies.

Objective: To determine whether specialization is a risk factor for injury among high school basketball athletes.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

SGLT2-Inhibition in Patients With Alport Syndrome.

Introduction: Large-scale trials showed positive outcomes of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether the use of SGLT2i is safe and effective in patients with the common hereditary CKD Alport syndrome (AS) has not yet been investigated specifically in larger cohorts.

Methods: This observational, multicenter, international study (NCT02378805) assessed 112 patients with AS after start of SGLT2i.

Validation of the PECUNIA reference unit costs templates in Spain: a useful tool for multi-national economic evaluations of health technologies.

Background: The PECUNIA Project was funded by the H2020 programme in which 10 partners from six countries participated. The aim was to develop standardized, harmonized and validated methods and tools to calculate costs in different sectors (such as health and social care, education among others), with the purpose of facilitating comparability of economic evaluations of health technologies across European countries. In this paper we report the first validation of the developed reference unit cost templates in Spain.