H2O trimer: Rigorous 12D quantum calculations of intermolecular vibrational states, tunneling splittings, and low-frequency spectrum.

The water trimer, as the smallest water cluster in which the three-body interactions can manifest, is arguably the most important hydrogen-bonded trimer. Accurate, fully coupled quantum treatment of its excited intermolecular vibrations has long been an elusive goal. Here, we present the methodology that for the first time allows rigorous twelve-dimensional (12D) quantum calculation of the intermolecular vibration-tunneling eigenstates of the water trimer, with the monomers treated as rigid.

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Lettuce Metabolome: A Framework for Targeted Nutritional Quality Improvement.

Lettuce ( L.) is a popular leafy vegetable valued for its dietary fiber, antioxidants, and beneficial vitamins. This study presents a comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis of the lettuce metabolome, revealing complex dynamics in metabolite accumulation influenced by plant age, leaf position, proximodistal distribution within a leaf, and head closure.

QTL mapping and transcriptome analysis of seed germination under PEG-induced water stress in Lactuca spp.

The impact of limited water availability on lettuce growth has been well documented. However, the mechanisms by which lettuce controls seed germination under water stress remain unknown. Germination percentage was evaluated in the cv.

Differential Sources of Resistance from Against Three Races of pathovar (Brown, 1918) Morinière et al. 2020 Causing Bacterial Leaf Spot of Lettuce.

Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) of lettuce ( L.) is caused by the bacterium pv. which is hypothesized to have at least three races of the pathogen present in North America as defined by their differential resistance phenotypes in lettuce cultivars/accessions.

Intermolecular Bending States and Tunneling Splittings of Water Trimer from Rigorous 9D Quantum Calculations: I. Methodology, Energy Levels, and Low-Frequency Spectrum.

We present the computational methodology that enables the first rigorous nine-dimensional (9D) quantum calculations of the intermolecular bending states of the water trimer, as well as its low-frequency spectrum for direct comparison with experiment. The water monomers, treated as rigid, have their centers of mass (cm's) at the corners of an equilateral triangle, and the intermonomer cm-to-cm distance is set to a value slightly larger than that in the equilibrium geometry of the trimer. The remaining nine strongly coupled large-amplitude bending (angular) degrees of freedom (DOFs) enter the 9D bend Hamiltonian of the three coupled 3D rigid-water hindered rotors.

Host cell wall composition and localized microenvironment implicated in resistance to basal stem degradation by lettuce drop (Sclerotinia minor).

Background: Sclerotinia spp. are generalist fungal pathogens, infecting over 700 plant hosts worldwide, including major crops. While host resistance is the most sustainable and cost-effective method for disease management, complete resistance to Sclerotinia diseases is rare.

HCl trimer: HCl-stretch excited intramolecular and intermolecular vibrational states from 12D fully coupled quantum calculations employing contracted intra- and inter-molecular bases.

We present fully coupled, full-dimensional quantum calculations of the inter- and intra-molecular vibrational states of HCl trimer, a paradigmatic hydrogen-bonded molecular trimer. They are performed utilizing the recently developed methodology for the rigorous 12D quantum treatment of the vibrations of the noncovalently bound trimers of flexible diatomic molecules [Felker and Bačić, J. Chem.

Distribution of Three Races in Coastal California and Evaluation of Resistance in Lettuce.

Verticillium wilt, caused by , is one of the most devastating soilborne diseases of lettuce ( L.). There are three races of , and each race has been characterized by markers representing race-specific effectors.

Phenotypic characterization, plant growth and development, genome methylation, and mineral elements composition of neotetraploid lettuce ( L.).

Stable neotetraploid lines of lettuce ( L.) were produced from three phenotypically distinct cultivars (Annapolis, Eruption, Merlot) and an advanced breeding line (SM13-L2) using colchicine treatment of seeds or young seedlings. When tested under the greenhouse and field conditions, neotetraploids initially grew more rapidly than their diploid progenitors, however they reached their reproductive stage (bolting, flower bud formation, and flowering) substantially later.

Quantum Chemical Investigation of the Cold Water Dimer Spectrum in the First OH-Stretching Overtone Region Provides a New Interpretation.

Intramolecular vibrational transition wavenumbers and intensities were calculated in the fundamental HOH-bending, fundamental OH-stretching, first OH-stretching-HOH-bending combination, and first OH-stretching overtone (Δ = 2) regions of the water dimer's spectrum. Furthermore, the rotational-vibrational spectrum was calculated in the Δ = 2 region at 10 K, corresponding to the temperature of the existing jet-expansion experiments. The calculated spectrum was obtained by combining results from a full-dimensional (12D) vibrational and a reduced-dimensional vibrational-rotational-tunneling model.

Phytochemical and Agronomic Characterization of High-Flavonoid Lettuce Lines Grown under Field Conditions.

Flavonoids are antioxidant phytochemicals that confer a beneficial effect on human health. We have previously developed and characterized eight lettuce ( L.) lines that accumulated high levels of diverse flavonoids and their precursors in controlled environment conditions.

Differentially methylated genomic regions of lettuce seeds relate to divergence across morphologically distinct horticultural types.

Heritable cytosine methylation plays a role in shaping plant phenotypes; however, no information is available about DNA methylation in cultivated lettuce (), one of the most important leafy vegetables. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) performed on seeds of 95 accessions from eight morphologically distinct horticultural types (Batavia, butterhead, iceberg, Latin, leaf, oilseed, romaine and stem) revealed a high level of methylation in lettuce genome with an average methylation of 90.6 % in the CG context, 72.

Quantum Nuclear Delocalization and its Rovibrational Fingerprints.

Quantum mechanics dictates that nuclei must undergo some delocalization. In this work, emergence of quantum nuclear delocalization and its rovibrational fingerprints are discussed for the case of the van der Waals complex . The equilibrium structure of is planar and T-shaped, one He atom solvating the quasi-linear He-H -He core.

Genetic determinants of lettuce resistance to drop caused by Sclerotinia minor identified through genome-wide association mapping frequently co-locate with loci regulating anthocyanin content.

GWAS identified 19 QTLs for resistance to Sclerotinia minor, 11 of them co-locating with red leaf color. Lower disease incidence was observed in red and dark red accessions. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.

Dataset on the single nucleotide variation in diversity panel of 500 lettuce accessions genotyped with tunable genotyping-by-sequencing (tGBS) method.

Lettuce ( L.) is an important leafy vegetable cultivated in moderate climates around the world. Based on phenotypic characteristics, such as formation and size of 'heads' (leaves arranged in a dense rosette), size, and texture of leaves, length of stems, and size and composition of seeds, lettuce cultivars can be classified into several distinct horticultural types (Batavia, butterhead, iceberg, Latin, leaf, oilseed, romaine, and stem).

Genetic and physiological determinants of lettuce partial resistance to Impatiens necrotic spot virus.

Introduction: Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) is a major pathogen currently threatening lettuce ( L.) production in the coastal areas of California. The virus is transmitted by the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande).

Extending lettuce shelf life through integrated technologies.

Lettuce, a leafy vegetable used in cuisines worldwide, is a highly perishable product sensitive to postharvest losses caused by biotic and abiotic factors. The existing technologies and approaches used during plant cultivation, harvest, processing, transportation, and storage can limit the postharvest issues, but further improvements are needed to meet a growing demand for excellent product appearance, combined with superb quality, biosafety, and low economic and environmental cost. This review summarizes our current understanding of lettuce postharvest physiology and genetics with focus on enzymatic discoloration of wounded surfaces and rapid tissue deterioration.

Weather factors, soil microbiome, and bacteria-fungi interactions as drivers of the epiphytic phyllosphere communities of romaine lettuce.

Lettuce is associated with seasonal outbreaks of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections. Little is known about how various biotic and abiotic factors affect the lettuce microbiome, which in turn impacts STEC colonization. We characterized the lettuce phyllosphere and surface soil bacterial, fungal, and oomycete communities at harvest in late-spring and -fall in California using metagenomics.

Quantum-Chemical and Quantum-Graph Models of the Dynamical Structure of CH.

Experimental and computational results about the structure, dynamics, and rovibrational spectra of protonated methane have challenged a considerable number of traditional chemical concepts. Hereby theoretical and computational results are provided about the dynamical structure of CH. It is shown that the ground vibrational state investigated thus far by computations, forbidden by nuclear-spin statistics, has a structure similar to the first allowed vibrational state and, in fact, the structures of all vibrational states significantly below 200 cm are highly similar.

We are the champions. The index for evaluating concentration of championships using a sliding window approach.

The concept of competitive balance is considered to be an essential aspect in the field of sport economics. This work describes a novel approach for measuring and evaluating competitive balance through concentration of championships. The concentration of championships was assessed using a sliding window approach with the length of five consecutive competitions (years) and a single competition (year) increment over the whole evaluated period.

Insights into nitrogen metabolism in the wild and cultivated lettuce as revealed by transcriptome and weighted gene co-expression network analysis.

Large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers applied during lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production are lost due to leaching or volatilization, causing severe environmental pollution and increased costs of production. Developing lettuce varieties with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is the eco-friendly solution to reduce nitrogen pollution.

Achieving high molecular alignment and orientation for CH[Formula: see text]F through manipulation of rotational states with varying optical and THz laser pulse parameters.

Increasing interest in the fields of high-harmonics generation, laser-induced chemical reactions, and molecular imaging of gaseous targets demands high molecular "alignment" and "orientation" (A&O). In this work, we examine the critical role of different pulse parameters on the field-free A&O dynamics of the CH[Formula: see text]F molecule, and identify experimentally feasible optical and THz range laser parameters that ensure maximal A&O for such molecules. Herein, apart from rotational temperature, we investigate effects of varying pulse parameters such as, pulse duration, intensity, frequency, and carrier envelop phase (CEP).

Reduced-dimensional vibrational models of the water dimer.

A model based on the finite-basis representation of a vibrational Hamiltonian expressed in internal coordinates is developed. The model relies on a many-mode, low-order expansion of both the kinetic energy operator and the potential energy surface (PES). Polyad truncations and energy ceilings are used to control the size of the vibrational basis to facilitate accurate computations of the OH stretch and HOH bend intramolecular transitions of the water dimer (H O).

Genome-wide association mapping reveals genomic regions frequently associated with lettuce field resistance to downy mildew.

GWAS identified 63 QTLs for resistance to downy mildew. Though QTLs were distributed across all chromosomes, the genomic regions frequently associated with resistance were located on chromosomes 4 and 5. Lettuce downy mildew is one of the most economically important diseases of cultivated lettuce worldwide.