[Aberrometry in the diagnosis and treatment of keratoconus].

Keratoconus (KC) is a bilateral progressive disease that often begins in young adulthood. Advanced KC significantly impairs patients' quality of life, making early detection of the condition a critical goal for specialists. Early identification of KC greatly influences both the treatment strategy and the outcomes.

[Pseudo-accommodative intraocular lenses].

This article reviews pseudo-accommodative intraocular lenses (IOLs), providing an analysis of the terminology used in this field of ophthalmology and describing the design of modern IOLs, the technological features used to achieve pseudo-accommodation that meets the needs of patients, particularly the new extended depth of focus (EDOF) IOL technology. The article presents the main types of extended depth of focus IOLs, their description, advantages and disadvantages, as well as comparison with multifocal and monofocal IOLs based on clinical studies conducted in different countries.

Five-year results of non-penetrating deep sclerectomy with demineralized cancellous bone xenogenically derived collagen glaucoma implant.

Purpose: To investigate the long-term effectiveness of non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) with xenogenically derived cancellous bone collagen glaucoma implant (XCB-CGI) implantation in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with POAG stages 2 and 3 was treated with NPDS and XCB-CGI. Follow-up was at 6 months, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years after surgery.

[Comparative study of corneal densitometry values after posterior lamellar keratoplasty].

Unlabelled: Studying clinical and functional outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted posterior lamellar keratoplasty is an actual problem in endothelial keratoplasty.

Purpose: To compare the values of corneal densitometry (CD) as measured by the Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam) following femtosecond laser-assisted Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) vs microkeratome-assisted Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Material And Methods: The prospective single center randomized study included 37 eyes of 37 patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy and cataract.

[Ultraviolet crosslinking in the treatment of keratoconus in patients with thin corneas].

Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is a procedure that aims to halt the progression of corneal ectasia in keratoconic eyes. It is achieved by inducing cross-links in the corneal stroma and extracellular matrix by exposing it to ultraviolet-A (370 nm) irradiation while it is filled with photosensitizer (riboflavin). According to the conventional protocol, the recommended de-epithelialized corneal thickness should be higher than 400 μm in order to avoid radiation damage to the corneal endothelium.

Interface dynamics: Mechanisms of stabilization and destabilization and structure of flow fields.

Interfacial mixing and transport are nonequilibrium processes coupling kinetic to macroscopic scales. They occur in fluids, plasmas, and materials over celestial events to atoms. Grasping their fundamentals can advance a broad range of disciplines in science, mathematics, and engineering.

Mass and heat transfer between evaporation and condensation surfaces: Atomistic simulation and solution of Boltzmann kinetic equation.

Boundary conditions required for numerical solution of the Boltzmann kinetic equation (BKE) for mass/heat transfer between evaporation and condensation surfaces are analyzed by comparison of BKE results with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Lennard-Jones potential with parameters corresponding to solid argon is used to simulate evaporation from the hot side, nonequilibrium vapor flow with a Knudsen number of about 0.02, and condensation on the cold side of the condensed phase.

[Effectiveness of femtosecond laser assistance in complicated cataracts].

Aim: to perform comparative evaluation of intra- and postoperative clinical RESULTS in patients with complicated cataracts (grade I-II lens subluxation, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, or surgically treated glaucoma) undergoing either standard or femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification.

Material And Methods: A total of 197 patients (245 eyes) aged 32-85 years (58.5 years on average) with complicated cataracts were divided into two groups by the technique used for phacoemulsification.

Effect of sunlight transformed by luminophore-containing materials on cell functions in vitro and in vivo.

Effect of sunlight transformed by luminophore-containing materials on cell viability and functional state of the retina was assessed using the photodamage model. Exposure to the luminescent component of light improved viability of NIH 3T3 cells and promoted recovery of electric activity in rabbit retina after photodamage.

Tuned Mullins-Sekerka instability: exact results.

Mullins-Sekerka's instability at 3D self-similar growth of a spherical seed crystal in an undercooled fluid is discussed. The exact solution of the linearized stability problem is obtained. It is quite different from the conventional results of the quasisteady approximation.

What is certain and what is not so certain in our knowledge of Rayleigh-Taylor mixing?

Past decades significantly advanced our understanding of Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) mixing. We briefly review recent theoretical results and numerical modelling approaches and compare them with state-of-the-art experiments focusing the reader's attention on qualitative properties of RT mixing.

[Photo-ablation of a corneal epithelium flap in complications after laser keratomileusis].

Three hundred and fifty-four LASIK surgeries made in myopia were analyzed. The share of epithelium-related complications made up 3.1%.

[Unified classification of conditions united by the notion of "diffusive lamellar keratitis (D.L.K.)" in the corneal refractive surgery].

A total of 4810 laser keratomilase surgeries (LASIK) in myopia and hypermetropia were analyzed. The spherical equivalent of clinical refraction in myopia amounted to -6.56 +/- 1.

Hydrodynamic waves in regions with smooth loss of convexity of isentropes: general phenomenological theory.

A general phenomenological theory of hydrodynamic waves in regions with smooth loss of convexity of isentropes is developed, based on the fact that for most media these regions in the p-V plane are anomalously small. Accordingly the waves are usually weak and can be described in the manner analogous to that for weak shock waves of compression. The corresponding generalized Burgers equation is derived and analyzed.

[Evaluation of parameters of an enzymatic reaction and stationary distribution of oxygen in the choroid and retina].

The parameters of the ophthalmic artery bed of a patient were reconstructed from X-ray tomography data. Based on these parameters and additional information on the morphology and mode of blood circulation in the choroid and retinal artery, a mathematical model of blood circulation in the eye, oxygen transfer in blood stream, and oxygen consumption in the enzymic reaction was constructed. Using the model, the steady-state oxygen distribution in the vicinity of the bed is shown and the kinetic parameters of the enzymic reaction of oxygen consumption were estimated.

[The results of hypophyseal irradiation with a proton beam in acromegaly patients].

The investigation of 26 acromegalic patients long after irradiation of the pituitary body with a proton beam showed clinical and hormonal improvement in 38% of the patients, clinical improvement without complete growth hormone normalization in 46%, and the absence of any effect in 15%. The latter was mainly a result of partial irradiation of pituitary adenoma. Some patients after proton irradiation demonstrated signs of adenohypophyseal functional insufficiency, more marked in patients with a decreased level of Gy (over 5 ng/ml).

[Computerized tomography of the orbit and optic nerve canals in optic nerve atrophy of diverse etiology].

Computerized tomography has been used to examine 10 patients with cranial injuries aftereffects presenting as optic nerve atrophies (Group 1), 24 patients with nontraumatic optic nerve atrophies (Group 2), and 89 subjects without optic nerve abnormalities. Density asymmetry in the projection of the optic nerve canal cranial openings has been the computerized tomography sign that indicated the involvement of the optic nerve in Group 1 patients. Increased pneumatization of the main bone sinus has been detected 2 times more frequently in Group 2 patients.

[Computed tomography with variable levels of energy of x-ray radiation].

Method of computer tomography with variable radiant energy is described. It permits to compensate the distortions in computer-tomographic sections in case of change in tube operating conditions and in visualization of information about tissue composition within the sectional limits. The developed method increases the efficacy of computer tomography.

[Correlations between clinico-functional and computerized tomography parameters in patients with optic atrophy of diverse etiology].

Comprehensive examinations of the optic nerve anatomy and function in atrophies of various origins have revealed a correlation between computerized tomography data and clinical and functional characteristics in 67 patients. A staged pattern of the development of anatomic shifts corresponding to CT data on the changes in the optic nerve diameter and density in accord with the length of the disease has been determined, as well as a relationship between these shifts and the patients' age and the degree of the calcification of the internal carotid arterial walls. CT signs of the optic nerve atrophy are related to functional disorders.

[Computed tomography in the Multidisciplinary Science and Technology Complex "Eye Microsurgery"].

The paper is devoted to analysis of the results of CT in 1000 patients examined in the Multibranch Research and Technology Complex "Eye Microsurgery". The specific feature of CT in this institution is that 52% of all investigations of ophthalmological patients fall to the share of eyeball abnormality and 40%--to a study of the other parts of the organ of vision. CT indications are extended for low tension glaucoma, complicated high myopia, and for monitoring the position of microsurgical implants.

[Radiation dose to patients and informativeness of the images obtained during eye examinations using x-ray computed tomography].

Reducing the scanning time and the X-ray tube anode current to 80-100 mA is the main way of reducing the radiation dose without noticeably lowering the tomogram image quality in examination of the eye area using the USA QUAD-1 X-ray computer tomograph of the fourth generation. The optimum tube voltage is 140 kW. Narrowing the collimator slit and reducing the number of sections can also lower the total radiation dose, but these measures are less universal for they are determined by clinical situation.

[Adhesion of the vitreous body to cured polymers].

The adhesive activity of several polymers as regard to vitreous body (VB) was examined by drying out the vitreous body on the surface of the materials under study. 3 types of polymers were compared with glass (silicon, polyurethan, polymethylmetacrilate). According to the reduction in adhesive activity as regard to VB the substances were ranged from silicon to glass.