[Reactivation of latent viruses in Neurology].

After establishing latent infection, some viruses can be reactivated by the alteration of host immunological conditions. First, we reviewed viruses that can cause neuronal damage by reactivation. Then we focused on the herpes simplex virus (HSV).

Prehospital diagnostic algorithm for acute coronary syndrome using machine learning: a prospective observational study.

Rapid and precise prehospital recognition of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is key to improving clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate a predictive power for predicting ACS using the machine learning-based prehospital algorithm. We conducted a multicenter observational prospective study that included 10 participating facilities in an urban area of Japan.

Distinct decision-making properties underlying the species specificity of group formation of flies.

Many animal species form groups. Group characteristics differ between species, suggesting that the decision-making of individuals for grouping varies across species. However, the actual decision-making properties that lead to interspecific differences in group characteristics remain unclear.

Development of artificial intelligence model for supporting implant drilling protocol decision making.

Purpose This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model to support the determination of an appropriate implant drilling protocol using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.Methods Anonymized CBCT images were obtained from 60 patients. For each case, after implant placement, images of the bone regions at the implant site were extracted from 20 slices of CBCT images.

A rapid and universal liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry-based platform, refmAb-Q nSMOL, for monitoring monoclonal antibody therapeutics.

Accurate quantitation of antibodies is critical for development of monoclonal antibody therapeutics (mAbs). Therapeutic drug monitoring has been applied to measure levels of mAbs in clinics for dose adjustment for autoimmune disease. Trough levels of mAbs can be a biomarker for cancer immunotherapy.

Growth of Pentacene Crystals by Naphthalene Flux Method.

We report the crystal growth of pentacene from a solution of naphthalene. The solubility of pentacene in naphthalene was evaluated by optical absorption at elevated temperature. The crystal growth was performed in an H-shaped sealed glass tube or metal vessels sealed with ultrahigh-vacuum compatible flanges placed in heated two-zone aluminum blocks.

N-terminus of Etanercept is Proteolytically Processed by Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4.

Purpose: Biologics are structurally heterogeneous and can undergo biotransformation in the body. Etanercept (ETN) is a fusion protein composed of a soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor and the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G1. The N-terminus of ETN has a putative sequence cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα heterozygous knockout mice show electroencephalogram and behavioral changes characteristic of a subpopulation of schizophrenia and intellectual impairment.

Cognitive deficit remains an intractable symptom of schizophrenia, accounting for substantial disability. Despite this, little is known about the cause of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Recent studies suggest that schizophrenia patients show several changes in dentate gyrus structure and functional characteristic of immaturity.

Elevated Myl9 reflects the Myl9-containing microthrombi in SARS-CoV-2-induced lung exudative vasculitis and predicts COVID-19 severity.

The mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is strongly correlated with pulmonary vascular pathology accompanied by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-triggered immune dysregulation and aberrant activation of platelets. We combined histological analyses using field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses of the lungs from autopsy samples and single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to investigate the pathogenesis of vasculitis and immunothrombosis in COVID-19. We found that SARS-CoV-2 accumulated in the pulmonary vessels, causing exudative vasculitis accompanied by the emergence of thrombospondin-1-expressing noncanonical monocytes and the formation of myosin light chain 9 (Myl9)-containing microthrombi in the lung of COVID-19 patients with fatal disease.

Usefulness of serum CCL2 as prognostic biomarker in prostate cancer: a long-term follow-up study.

Objective: Prostate-specific antigen is considered the most useful biomarker for prostate cancer, but not in all cases. In a previous study, we have shown that a risk classification combining prostate-specific antigen ≥100 ng/mL and chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 ≥ 320 pg/mL can predict survivals. We investigated the long-term usefulness of serum chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 as a complementary biomarker to prostate-specific antigen and developed a novel risk classification system.

Combined assessment of clinical and pathological prognostic factors for deciding treatment strategies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma invading into the muscularis mucosa or submucosa after endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Objectives: We aimed to clarify the prognostic factors for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) invading into the muscularis mucosa (pT1a-MM) or submucosa (pT1b-SM) after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled such patients at 21 institutions in Japan between 2006 and 2017. We evaluated 15 factors, including pathological risk categories for ESCC-specific mortality, six non-cancer-related indices, and treatment strategies.

Transcription Factor SrsR (YgfI) Is a Novel Regulator for the Stress-Response Genes in Stationary Phase in K-12.

Understanding the functional information of all genes and the biological mechanism based on the comprehensive genome regulation mechanism is an important task in life science. YgfI is an uncharacterized LysR family transcription factor in . To identify the function of YgfI, the genomic SELEX (gSELEX) screening was performed for YgfI regulation targets on the genome.

Microvolume Analysis of Aflibercept in Aqueous Humor Using Mass Spectrometry.

Purpose: To develop a microvolume analytical method for measurement of the aflibercept concentration in human intraocular fluid and plasma.

Methods: We analyzed trace amounts of aflibercept in human aqueous humor using Fab-selective proteolysis and nano-surface and molecular-orientation limited (nSMOL) proteolysis, coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Patients with age-related macular degeneration or diabetic macular edema were recruited.

Relationship between Bowel/Bladder Function and Discharge in Older Stroke Patients in Convalescent Rehabilitation Wards: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: : Many stroke patients experience motor and cognitive dysfunctions that make living at home challenging. We aimed to identify the factors associated with hospital discharge to home in older stroke patients in convalescent rehabilitation wards where intensive and comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation are performed following acute-phase treatment.

Methods: : A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 1227 older stroke patients registered in the database of the Council of Kaga Local Stroke Network, Japan, between 2015 and 2019.

Aerobic exercise and cognitive functioning in schizophrenia: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study serves as an update to a recent systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the effect of aerobic exercise on cognition in schizophrenia and determine the most effective method of aerobic exercise. We searched for controlled studies investigating the effect of aerobic exercise on cognition in schizophrenia published until January 2021. Fifteen studies were included.

A case of recurrent acute cholecystitis caused by Actinomyces odontolyticus, rare actinomycosis.

Backgrounds: Actinomyces species are gram-positive, obligate anaerobic rods and are rare causes of cholecystitis. Because Actinomyces species are anaerobic bacteria, it is difficult for Actinomyces to survive in bile apart from A. naeslundii.

Mesenteric lymph node abscesses due to Escherichia coli in a cat.

A 3-year-old, castrated male mixed-breed cat presented with an almost 2-year history of chronic loose stools. On radiography and ultrasound examination, there were two masses in the centre of the abdomen. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed that the masses were enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes with fluid accumulation.