Sensitivity - Local index to control chaoticity or gradient globally.

Here, we introduce a fully local index named "sensitivity" for each neuron to control chaoticity or gradient globally in a neural network (NN). We also propose a learning method to adjust it named "sensitivity adjustment learning (SAL)". The index is the gradient magnitude of its output with respect to its inputs.

High elasticity of the flexor carpi ulnaris and pronator teres muscles is associated with medial elbow injuries in youth baseball players.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to measure the elasticities of the forearm flexor-pronator muscles in youth baseball players and examine their relationships with medial elbow injuries.

Methods: We examined the strain ratios (SR) of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), and pronator teres (PT) in 89 youth baseball players with medial epicondylar fragmentation (injury group) and in 142 healthy baseball players (control group). An index of muscle elasticity was determined using ultrasound strain elastography.

Relationship between chopstick manipulation and cross-sectional shape in the developmental stages from infancy to early school age.

Motor development was investigated in 114 children aged 4-9 years, and the effects of different cross-sectional shapes of chopsticks (octagonal, square, and triangular) on manipulation ability were examined. Children's chopstick manipulation was found to be related to the developmental stage and their way of holding them. Manipulation was enhanced when they transmitted the optimal force to the tips when closing, the bottom chopstick was stabilized when opening, and the upper chopstick was encouraged to rotate moderately.

Diaryliodonium Salt-Based Synthesis of -Alkoxyindolines and Further Insights into the Ishikawa Indole Synthesis.

A diaryliodonium salt-based strategy enabled the first systematic synthesis of rarely accessible -alkoxyindolines. Mechanistic analyses suggested that the reaction likely involves reductive elimination of iodobenzene from iodaoxazepine via a four-membered transition state, followed by Meisenheimer rearrangement. Substrates with -carbamate protection afforded indole in a manner similar to that of the Ishikawa indole synthesis.

Spontaneous Regression of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Associated Hemichorea.

The spontaneous regression (SR) of cancer is defined as either partial or complete, and temporary or permanent, disappearance without appropriate treatment for the disease, and this phenomenon is rare in the case of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). We herein report an 83-year-old woman who presented with left-sided hemichorea associated with anti-SOX1 (SOX1-Ab) and -CV2/CRMP5 (CV2/CRMP5-Ab) antibodies with SR following a 7-year interval free of disease progression of SCLC. Hemichorea can present with the coexistence of anti-SOX1 and CV2/CRMP5-Ab with SR after a long interval free of SCLC.

Optimal cutoff value of preoperative CEA and CA19-9 for prognostic significance in patients with stage II/III colon cancer.

Purpose: This unicentric, retrospective cohort study aimed to identify the optimal cutoff values of preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) for the prognosis in patients with stage II/III colon cancer.

Methods: After excluding 43 patients with CA19-9 levels < 0.2 U/mL, 588 were included.

Effect of foot-floor friction on the external moment about the body center of mass during shuffling gait: a pilot study.

Herein, we investigated the effect of friction between foot sole and floor on the external forward moment about the body center of mass (COM) in normal and shuffling gaits. Five young male adults walked with normal and shuffling gaits, under low- and high-friction surface conditions. The maximum external forward moment about the COM (MEFM-COM) in a normal gait appeared approximately at initial foot contact and was unaffected by floor condition.

Ultra-minimum contrast percutaneous coronary intervention for a patient with complex coronary artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy.

A pivotal trial indicated that an initial invasive strategy did not improve the clinical outcomes in patients with moderate or severe ischemic heart disease and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) as compared with an initial conservative strategy. It is well known that contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with worse prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Minimum contrast PCI may lower the risk of CIN and improve the clinical outcomes of ischemic heart disease and advanced CKD.

Nivolumab-induced Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like Syndrome and Adrenocortical Insufficiency with Long-term Survival in a Patient with Non-small-cell Lung Cancer.

A 58-year-old man was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma with a tumor proportion score of 10%. After six cycles of second-line chemotherapy with nivolumab, he achieved a complete response (CR) but developed uveitis and sensorineural hearing disorder, which were consistent with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH)-like syndrome. Simultaneously, pituitary adrenocortical insufficiency was identified.

Multiple nodular opacities only involving the right middle pulmonary lobe: Unusual manifestation of tuberculosis.

Bronchoscopy should be actively performed to differentiate pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with lesions in the middle lobe, which are unaccompanied by bronchiectasis or present without obvious lesions in other lobes.

The Phenolic Antioxidant 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl Alcohol (DHMBA) Prevents Enterocyte Cell Death under Oxygen-Dissolving Cold Conditions through Polyphyletic Antioxidant Actions.

Cold preservation in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution is not enough to maintain the viability of the small intestine, due to the oxidative stress. The novel phenolic antioxidant 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (DHMBA) has dual properties to reduce oxidative stress, radical scavenging, and antioxidant protein induction, in other cells. This study was designed to determine whether DHMBA reduces cold preservation injury of enterocytes, and to identify the effector site.

Acetic acid treatment causes renal inflammation and chronic kidney disease in mice.

We established a novel mouse model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) using acetic acid and compared it with the 5/6-nephrectomized mouse model. In our novel model, significant increases were observed in blood biochemical values and urinary parameters. Moreover, a decrease in creatinine clearance (Ccr) was observed.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction Between Prasugrel and Clopidogrel.

The rapid introduction of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is important for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The risks and benefits of reduced-dose prasugrel (20 mg loading and 3.75 mg maintenance) over clopidogrel have not been fully discussed.

[A Case of Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Vater Papillary Cancer with Celiac Axis Stricture].

During the follow‒up of Vater papillary adenoma, a 74‒year‒old man was admitted to our hospital with a chief complaint of upper abdominal pain and diagnosed as cholangitis with obstructive jaundice. Cholestasis had been considered to be caused by papillary adenoma, however, EUS exam showed continuous bile duct wall irregularity from papilla of Vater. So we diagnosed as papillary carcinoma with extension to the distal bile duct.

FISH Identifies Chromosome Differentiation Between Contemporary Genomes of Wild Types and the Ancestral Genome of Unisexual Clones of Dojo Loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus.

In dojo loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), although most wild types are gonochoristic diploids that are genetically differentiated into 2 groups, A and B, clonal lineages appear in certain localities. Clonal loaches have been considered to have hybrid origins between the 2 groups by a series of genetic studies. In this study, using FISH with a newly developed probe (ManDra-A), we identified 26 (1 pair of metacentric and 12 pairs of telocentric chromosomes) of 50 diploid chromosomes in contemporary wild-type group A loach.

Periostin Short Fragment with Exon 17 via Aberrant Alternative Splicing Is Required for Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis.

Background: Periostin (POSTN) is a 93 kDa matrix protein that helps to regulate collagen gene expression in the extracellular matrix. POSTN overexpression is a prognostic factor in malignant cancers; however, some researchers have observed it in the stroma, whereas others have reported it on tumors.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the function of POSTN on tumors.

Dataset on structure and physical properties of stable diatomic systems based on van der Waals density functional method.

With the influence of progress in the materials informatics, development of fundamental database has been attracting growing interest. The bonding between atoms is essential component of all kinds of materials and govern their structure, stability, and properties. When we try to understand a material by breaking it down into microscopic components, bonding of diatomic system is the most fundamental.

A Phase II, Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Benralizumab, a Humanized Anti-IL-5R Alpha Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients With Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Background: Strong eosinophil infiltration in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) is highly associated with recalcitrance and higher nasal polyp recurrence rate after surgery. The prevalence of eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRS) is increasing in Asian countries including Japan. Benralizumab is a humanized anti-IL-5R alpha monoclonal antibody that depletes eosinophils by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

The Economic Burden of Dementia: Evidence from a Survey of Households of People with Dementia and Their Caregivers.

Although a cognitive impairment such as dementia causes serious economic problems among older people, its impact on economic activities is unclear. This study investigated the actual conditions of economic activities and the current status of the financial support systems among people with dementia and caregivers. One hundred and five dyads participated in the survey.

Wound-inducible ANAC071 and ANAC096 transcription factors promote cambial cell formation in incised Arabidopsis flowering stems.

ANAC071 and its homolog ANAC096 are plant-specific transcription factors required for the initiation of cell division during wound healing in incised Arabidopsis flowering stems and Arabidopsis hypocotyl grafts; however, the mechanism remains mostly unknown. In this study, we showed that wound-induced cambium formation involved cell proliferation and the promoter activity of TDR/PXY (cambium-related gene) in the incised stem. Prior to the wound-induced cambium formation, both ANAC071 and ANAC096 were expressed at these sites.