Molecular species occurring in naturally induced interferon alpha.

Human interferon alpha (HuIFN-alpha) preparations induced in human peripheral white blood cells by Sendai virus were analyzed for activity after ultrafiltration, ion exchange, metal ion chromatography and isoelectrofocusing. It was found that HuIFN-alpha forms complexes with various physical properties and activities. Some of the IFN-alpha copurify with high molecular weight complexes.

Fibrillar bodies in human prostate.

Electron microscopy was used in an attempt to understand the initial but still obscure steps in the formation of corpora amylacea. To that effect, a specimen of hyperplastic prostate, selected by light microscopy for its abundance in corpora, was examined in the electron microscope. Hitherto unreported, small fibrillar bodies surrounded by glycogen granules were observed free or bound to the surface of acinar cells of the specimen.

Melanin-like pigment in the human prostate.

Twenty surgical specimens of prostate [1 histologically normal, 8 with benign hyperplasia (BPH), and 11 with cancer (PCa)] were examined by histochemical staining methods for the presence of a melanin-like pigment that we first observed in organ culture. Fontana-Masson-positive pigment was observed in epithelial cells of the normal specimen, of five BPH and of eight PCa. The distribution of pigment in BPH was unpredictable and patchy.

Karyotype analysis of a human mammary sarcoma explant in vitro.

Karyotype of a fibroblastic SH-1 cell line derived from a human mammary sarcoma had 86 (80-92) chromosomes including 6 (4-7) markers, and a various number of double minutes. There were generally even numbers (e.g.

Ultrastructural study of B-bodies in leukapheresed cells of patients with acute leukemia.

Peculiar inclusions, which we call B-bodies, have been observed in cells collected by leukapheresis from patients with acute leukemia. B-bodies, which often have virus-like features, were present in blast cells of 24 (44%)( of the 54 patients examined; in 16 out of 29 with acute myelogenous leukemia, 5 out of 16 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 2 out of 3 with undifferentiated leukemia, and 1 out of 2 with myelogenous leukemia in blastic transformation. The ultrastructure of these apparently polymorphic inclusions was always based on a system of of cytoplasmic channels containing dense, axial filaments.

Intramitochondrial rod-like inclusions in human breast tumors.

Ultrastructural screening of human breast tumor biopsies has revealed, in 43% of the carcinomas, and in 16% of the benign lesions examined. the presence of rod-like inclusions in mitochondria of epithelial cells. The inclusions are cylindrical in cross section, with a diameter of about 50 nm, and show regular striations in longitudinal sections.

Histology and ultrastructure of the R-3327 C-F transplantable prostate tumor of Cophenhagen-Fisher rats.

The R-3327 C-F tumor is an adenocarcinoma of the prostate maintained by serial transplantation in male Copenhagen-Fisher hybrid rats. The tumor is histologically different from other tumor sublines derived from the original R-3327 tumor discovered in 1961 in an aged Copenhagen rat. Light and electron microscopy have shown that the R-3327 C-F tumor contains a well organized glandular epithelium with myoepithelial cells and a continuous basement membrane, although epithelial cells were much less differentiated than epithelial cells of either dorsal or lateral normal prostate of the rat.

Electron microscopic studies of intracisternal virus particles in Soehner-Dmochowski murine sarcoma virus-induced bone tumors of New Zealand Black rats.

Soehner-Dmochowski murine sarcoma virus (Moloney)-induced bone tumors of New Zealand Black rats carry two morphologically different types of virus particles, namely, extracellular type C and intracisternal virus particles, which have thus far not been reported. These two types of virus particles have also been observed in the tissue culture cells derived from normal prostate tissues of A/Dm and BALB/c/Dm mice after inoculation of cell-free extracts of these bone tumors. The intracisternal virus particles, 90 to 120 nm in diameter, have always been found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum; they have two inner concentric layers with a relatively electron-lucent center, frequently showing cylindrical, chain-like, or multipolar budding forms.

In situ embedding method of cells grown in beem capsules for immunoelectron microscopic studies of oncornaviruses.

A technique of in situ embedding of cells grown in BEEM capsules has been devised for immunoelectron microscopic studies of oncornaviruses. As compared to other immunoelectron microscopic procedures, this technique is less time and reagent-consuming. The quality and specificity of this method were tested on well-characterized mouse mammary tumor virus (type B virus) and murine sarcoma virus (type C virus particles).

Particle--lamella complexes in a case of human benign prostate hyperplasia: brief communication.

Particle--lamella complexes (PLC's), described for the first time, were found in glandular epithelial cells of the hyperplastic prostate tissues from a patient with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. PLC's observed in this patient were similar to those seen in human hematopoietic neoplastic cells. They showed cylindroid forms and were composed of concentrically arranged lamellae and particles found in rows between these lamellae.

Monolayer cultures for immunofluorescent staining from tumor primary explants.

Epithelial cells growing around primary explants of carcinomas in plastic ware are well-suited for modern incident light immunofluorescence microscopy. Epithelial outgrowths in growth culture medium are flushed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and absolute ethanol and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen-isopentane. The walls of the plastic containers bearing the dried monolayer outgrowths are cut out to form microscopic slides.

Virus-like particles in a case of human prostate carcinoma.

Two morphologically different types of intracisternal virus-like particles were observed electron microscopically in a biopsy specimen of human prostate cancer. Particles of one type were 150-200 nm in diameter and contained either an electron-dense core or two concentric inner layers. Particles of the other type were smaller, 80-100 nm in diameter, and appeared mostly in filamentous or chainlike formation.

Search for oncogenic viruses in human prostate cancer.

Electron microscopic, immunologic, and biochemical methods have been used in an attempt to detect and characterize oncornaviruses in human prostatic carcinoma (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and in prostates of mice of high and low mammary cancer or leukemia strains. Ultrastructural examination of 37 PCa and nine BPH specimens has revealed the presence of particles resembling type C virus in five cases of PCa and one of BPH, and also two different types of intracisternal virus-like particles in seven other cases of PCa. Type B virus particles have been observed in prostate of old mice of high mammary cancer strains, while type C virus particles have been found in the prostates of most mice of all the ten strains examined.

Ultrastructural studies of human prostatic neoplasia.

Forty-two specimens of human prostatic neoplasia (32 carcinomas, eight benign hyperplasia, two bladder tumors infiltrating prostatic tissue, and 15 tissue cultures derived from prostatic neoplasia) were examined by electron microscopy. Intracisternal viruslike particles, 150-200 nm in diameter and budding, were found in epithelial cells of four carcinomas. In some of these particles, an electron-dense central core or two concentric layers were discernible.

Characterization of an established cell line (SH-3) derived from pleural effusion of patient with breast cancer.

Spontaneous emergence of fast-growing cells in prolonged culture of pleural effusion cells obtained from a patient with breast cancer has led to the establishment of a cell line designated as SH-3. By morphological criteria, as revealed by light and electron microscopy, SH-3 cells are epithelial and resumble the poorly differentiated cells of a series of established human tumor cell lines. Their karyotype is hypotetraploid and different from that of HeLa cells.

Implications of humoral antibody in mice and humans to breast tumor and mouse mammary tumor virus-associated antigens.

As a part of a program directed toward the elucidation of the role of viruses in mouse and human breast cancer, a variety of immunological techniques were applied to a study of the humoral immune response of mice and of humans to their breast tumors. Tumor-bearing mice were found to produce antibodies against a complex array of tumor cell-associated antigens, including mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), components, heterophile and Forssman-like antigens, embryonic antigens, and possibly other tumor-associated antigens. Mice bearing MMTV-positive tumors had high titer antibodies against both viral and heterophile antigens.

Establishment of a cell line (SH-4) from pleural effusion of a patient with melanoma.

A continuous tissue culture line (SH-4) derived from pleural effusion cells of a patient with metastatic melanoma is described. The cells became established after five passages lasting a period of 5 months of slow growth. Doubling time of the continuous culture was 20 hr in passage 51.

Type-C virus particles in placenta of the cottontop marmoset (Saguinus oedipus).

Electron microscopy of near-term placentas of two cottontop marmosets (Saguinus oedipus) revealed, in one placenta, the presence of budding and mature C-type virus particles associated with the basal trophoblast. The particles were morphologically similar to those observed by other investigators in placentas of other primate species.

Virologic and immunologic studies of human prostatic carcinoma.

Morphologic, tissue culture, immunologic, and biochemical methods have been used in an attempt to detect and characterize oncogenic viruses or their subviral components in cells derived from human prostatic carcinoma (PrCa) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Electron microscopy was used to characterize the ultrastructural features of normal and neoplastic prostatic tissue. Examination of specimens of prostatic tissue from 34 patients with PrCa, ten patients with BPH, and three patients with bladder tumor (BT) revealed the presence of particles resembling type-C virus in three cases of PrCa and structures resembling budding type-C virus particles in one case of BPH.