Association of timing and agent for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury on venous thromboembolism events, mortality, neurosurgical intervention, and discharge disposition.

Background: Trauma patients are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism events (VTEs). The decision of when to initiate VTE chemoprophylaxis (VTEP) and with what agent remains controversial in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: This comparative effectiveness study evaluated the impact of timing and agent for VTEP on outcomes for patients with severe TBI (Abbreviated Injury Scale head score of 3, 4, or 5).

A two-generation study of attachment in mothers and their young adult offspring: Latent classes of attachment and associations with anxiety and depression.

Background: Evidence supports the conceptualization of adult attachment as existing along a continuum of attachment security and insecurity; however, ongoing debates persist regarding the use of categorical versus continuous approaches to studying attachment. Attachment data collected from a large community sample of mothers and their offspring in young adulthood were used to examine i) latent classes of adult attachment, ii) associations between mother and offspring attachment, iii) the relationship between adult attachment and mental health symptoms.

Methods: Mothers and offspring were each administered the Attachment Style Questionnaire when offspring were aged 21-years.

Growth of Community Outpatient Care in the Veterans Affairs System After the MISSION Act.

Background: The Maintaining Internal Systems and Strengthening Integrated Outside Networks (MISSION) Act of 2018 authorized a major expansion of purchased care in the community for Veterans experiencing access barriers in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.

Objective: To estimate changes in primary care, mental health, and emergency/urgent care visits in the VA and community fiscal years (FY) 2018-2021 and differences between rural and urban clinics.

Design: A national, longitudinal study of VA clinics and outpatient utilization.

Peristromal niches protect lung cancers from targeted therapies through a combined effect of multiple molecular mediators.

Targeted therapies directed against oncogenic signaling addictions, such as inhibitors of ALK in ALK+ NSCLC often induce strong and durable clinical responses. However, they are not curative in metastatic cancers, as some tumor cells persist through therapy, eventually developing resistance. Therapy sensitivity can reflect not only cell-intrinsic mechanisms but also inputs from stromal microenvironment.

Developing a typology of interventions to support doctors' mental health and wellbeing.

Background: The problem of mental ill-health in doctors is complex, accentuated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and impacts on healthcare provision and broader organisational performance. There are many interventions to address the problem but currently no systematic way to categorise them, which makes it hard to describe and compare interventions. As a result, implementation tends to be unfocussed and fall short of the standards developed for implementing complex healthcare interventions.

Evidence of the Monopolar-Dipolar Crossover Regime: A Multiscale Study of Ferroelastic Domains by In Situ Microscopy Techniques.

The elastic interaction between kinks (and antikinks) within domain walls plays a pivotal role in shaping the domain structure, and their dynamics. In bulk materials, kinks interact as elastic monopoles, dependent on the distance between walls (d) and typically characterized by a rigid and straight domain configuration. In this work the evolution of the domain structure is investigated, as the sample size decreases, by the means of in situ heating microscopy techniques on free-standing samples.

Characterizing Trauma Patients with Delays in Orthopaedic Process Measures.

Introduction: Early operative intervention in orthopaedic injuries is associated with decreased morbidity and mortality. Relevant process measures (e.g.

The Effect of Temperament on Outcomes of Opioid and Non-Opioid Pediatric Dental Sedation.

To assess oral sedation success using midazolam and hydroxyzine with and without meperidine, and to assess the relationship between child temperament and sedation outcomes. This study recruited children between the ages of 36 and 95 months who were randomly assigned to receive dental treatment with an oral sedation regimen of midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) and hydroxyzine (1.

The Effect of Chitosan Incorporation on Physico-Mechanical and Biological Characteristics of a Calcium Silicate Filling Material.

Objectives: A tricalcium silicate-based cement, Biodentine™, has displayed antibiofilm activity when mixed with chitosan powder. This study aimed to assess the effect of chitosan incorporation on the physico-mechanical and biological properties of Biodentine™.

Methods: In this study, medium molecular weight chitosan powder was incorporated into Biodentine™ in varying proportions (2.

Extremophile enzyme activity lab: using catalase from to highlight temperature sensitivity and thermostable enzyme activity.

There are places on earth that are considered to possess extreme physico-chemical characteristics as they relate to life. Surprisingly, there are microbes that have adapted various strategies that enable them to form robust communities in these environments. The microbes that live in these environments, called extremophiles, are described as being thermophilic, psychrophilic, halophilic, acidophilic, alkaliphilic, barophilic, and so on.

Anesthetic Management of Intra-aortic Balloon Pump-Induced Systolic Anterior Motion of the Mitral Valve During Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a mechanical device that increases myocardial oxygen perfusion and indirectly increases cardiac output through afterload reduction. Since its inception, the IABP has been a mainstay of cardiac support devices, utilized as a temporizing measure in patients with or prone to developing cardiogenic shock that are awaiting definitive treatment. Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve is a well-described phenomenon that can precipitate hemodynamic collapse by obstructing the left ventricular outflow tract in a subset of patients with cardiac pathology, most notably hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).

Role of mucositis in predicting gut microbiota composition in people with cancer.

Purpose Of Review: Disruption of the precious ecosystem of micro-organisms that reside in the gut - the gut microbiota - is rapidly emerging as a key driver of the adverse side effects/toxicities caused by numerous anti-cancer agents. Although the contribution of the gut microbiota to these toxicities is understood with ever increasing precision, the cause of microbial disruption (dysbiosis) remains poorly understood. Here, we discuss current evidence on the cause(s) of dysbiosis after cancer therapy, positioning breakdown of the intestinal mucosa (mucositis) as a central cause.

Exercise Training Attenuates the Muscle Mitochondria Genomic Response to Bed Rest.

Purpose: Exercise training during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 70-d bed rest study effectively counteracted the decline in aerobic capacity, muscle mass, strength, and endurance. We aimed to characterize the genomic response of the participants' vastus lateralis on day 64 of bed rest with and without exercise countermeasures.

Methods: Twenty-two healthy young males were randomized into three groups: 1) bed rest only ( n = 7), 2) bed rest + aerobic (6 d·wk -1 ) and resistance training (3 d·wk -1 ) on standard equipment ( n = 7), and 3) bed rest + aerobic and resistance training using a flywheel device ( n = 8).

Staging 2.0: refining transdiagnostic clinical staging frameworks to enhance reliability and utility for youth mental health.

Globally, 75% of depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders emerge by age 25 years. However, these disorders are often preceded by non-specific symptoms or attenuated clinical syndromes. Difficulties in determining optimal treatment interventions for these emerging mental disorders, and uncertainties about accounting for co-occurring psychopathology and illness trajectories, have led many youth mental health services to adopt transdiagnostic clinical staging frameworks.

The unique role of adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems, and maternal-adolescent communication in their association with attachment in early adulthood.

Attachment styles influence mental health and relationships through life. Few studies examine the adolescent factors associated with adult attachment styles. This paper examines the association between adolescent emotional and behavioral problems and maternal-adolescent communication with attachment style in early adulthood.

The Prevalence and Patterns of Maltreatment, Childhood Adversity, and Mental Health Disorders in an Australian Out-Of-Home Care Sample.

This study aimed to explore key characteristics of the out-of-home care subgroup of a nationally representative Australian sample. To ensure that mental health services are appropriately targeted, it is critical that we understand the differential impacts of childhood experiences for this cohort. Using the Australian Child Maltreatment Study ( = 8503), we explored patterns of childhood maltreatment and adversity of participants who reported ever being placed in out-of-home care, such as foster care or kinship care.

Method for accurate removal of trabecular bone samples from a curved articulating surface of the distal femur.

Background: Knowing the mechanical properties of trabecular bone is critical for many branches of orthopaedic research. Trabecular bone is anisotropic and the principal trabecular direction is usually aligned with the load it transmits. It is therefore critical that the mechanical properties are measured as close as possible to this direction, which is often perpendicular to a curved articulating surface.

Efficacy of assisted partner services for people who inject drugs in Kenya to identify partners living with HIV and hepatitis C virus infection: a prospective cohort study.

Background: People who inject drugs are at increased risk of both HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections but face barriers to testing and engagement in care. Assisted partner services are effective in locating people with HIV but are understudied among people who inject drugs. We assessed whether assisted partner services could be used to find, test for HIV and HCV infections, and link to care the partners of people who inject drugs in Kenya.

Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis through Breath Test Using a Portable Breath Analyzer-Preliminary Data.

Screening methods available for colorectal cancer (CRC) to date are burdened by poor reliability and low patient adherence and compliance. An altered pattern of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath has been proposed as a non-invasive potential diagnostic tool for distinguishing CRC patients from healthy controls (HC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of an innovative portable device containing a micro-gas chromatograph in enabling rapid, on-site CRC diagnosis through analysis of patients' exhaled breath.