Differential effects of adult court transfer on juvenile offender recidivism.

Prior research indicates that adolescent offenders transferred to adult court are more likely to recidivate than those retained in the juvenile system. The studies supporting this conclusion, however, are limited in addressing the issue of heterogeneity among transferred adolescents. This study estimates the effect of transfer on later crime using a sample of 654 serious juvenile offenders, 29% of whom were transferred.

Persistence of cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy.

Background & Aims: In patients with cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) has acute but reversible as well as chronic components. We investigated the extent of residual cognitive impairment following clinical resolution of overt HE (OHE).

Methods: Cognitive function of cirrhotic patients was evaluated using psychometric tests (digit symbol, block design, and number connection [NCT-A and B]) and the inhibitory control test (ICT).

Obesity and depression symptoms in the Beaver Dam Offspring Study population.

Background: Depression and obesity are both important public health problems. However, it is not clear whether obesity contributes to depression. Our study aims to evaluate the association between obesity and possible depression.

Heart transplantation in women with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is responsible for over half of all heart transplants. Fewer women with DCM undergo heart transplants than men with DCM; the reasons for this state of affairs are unclear.

Methods And Results: We analyzed prospectively a cohort of 698 DCM patients who were referred to our heart transplant center.

ESTIMATING A DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LENGTH OF STAY AND FUTURE RECIDIVISM IN SERIOUS JUVENILE OFFENDERS.

The effect of sanctions on subsequent criminal activity is of central theoretical importance in criminology. A key question for juvenile justice policy is the degree to which serious juvenile offenders respond to sanctions and/or treatment administered by the juvenile court. The policy question germane to this debate is finding the level of confinement within the juvenile justice system that maximizes the public safety and therapeutic benefits of institutional confinement.

Multiple sensory impairment and quality of life.

Purpose: To evaluate the independent impact of vision, hearing, and olfactory impairment on quality of life.

Methods: Subjects (n = 1854, mean age = 67 years) were participants in the 1998-2000 and 2003-05 examinations of the Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study and Beaver Dam Eye Study, population-based, prospective studies set in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Sensory capacities were measured in 1998-2000 and quality of life was measured in 2003-05.

Carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin mitigates toxicity of cadmium, cobalt, and copper during naphthalene biodegradation.

Hazardous waste sites are commonly contaminated with both organic and metal pollutants. Many metal pollutants have been shown to inhibit organic pollutant biodegradation. We investigated the ability of a modified, polydentate cyclodextrin (carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin, CMCD) to reduce the toxicity of 33.

Brachial neuropathy 22 years after radiation therapy for fibrosarcoma: a case report.

This case report presents a 56-year-old man with right upper limb weakness which arose 22 years after initial local radiation treatment for a grade III fibrosarcoma. Nerve conduction studies revealed impairment of all three major upper limb nerves compared with the left, with particular impairment of the median and ulnar nerves in the most fibrotic area that had been irradiated. In addition, the patient received multiple courses of chemotherapy.

Steve Reed. Interviewed by Charlotte Schubert.

Steve Reed believes the organization he has founded has the potential to radically increase the developing world's access to vaccines for neglected diseases. The efforts of the Seattle-based Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI), which operates as a not-for-profit biotech company, may start to pay off during the H1N1 'swine' flu pandemic. IDRI developed an adjuvant to boost the effectiveness and supplies of flu vaccines and is making the technology available to vaccine manufacturers in developing nations.

Left ventricular mass, abdominal circumference and age: the Fels longitudinal study.

Purpose: To determine the relationship of abdominal circumference with increased left ventricular mass (LVM) from young adulthood into old age.

Methods: Cross-sectional echocardiographic images were taken from 182 men and 220 women in the Fels Longitudinal Study 20 to 75 years of age to determine left ventricular mass. Left ventricular mass was divided by stature raised to the power of 2.

Straight talk with...Christopher Murray.

Hard numbers can be difficult to come by in the current debate about health care in the US. Even rarer are accurate assessments of health care systems in less developed countries. But policy makers are not completely groping in the dark when it comes to data-thanks in part to Christopher Murray.

Long-term outcomes after catheter ablation of cavo-tricuspid isthmus dependent atrial flutter: a meta-analysis.

Background: Despite the success of catheter ablation of cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent atrial flutter (AFL), important postablation outcomes are ill-defined. The purpose of our study was to analyze long-term outcomes after catheter ablation of cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent AFL.

Methods And Results: A meta-analysis was performed of articles reporting clinical outcomes after catheter ablation of AFL published between January 1988 and July 2008.

Mindfulness-based stress reduction for the treatment of adolescent psychiatric outpatients: A randomized clinical trial.

Research has shown that mindfulness-based treatment interventions may be effective for a range of mental and physical health disorders in adult populations, but little is known about the effectiveness of such interventions for treating adolescent conditions. The present randomized clinical trial was designed to assess the effect of the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program for adolescents age 14 to 18 years with heterogeneous diagnoses in an outpatient psychiatric facility (intent-to-treat N = 102). Relative to treatment-as-usual control participants, those receiving MBSR self-reported reduced symptoms of anxiety, depression, and somatic distress, and increased self-esteem and sleep quality.

Prolonged juvenile States and delay of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors: the Fels Longitudinal study.

Objectives: To ascertain the influence of such a prolonged juvenile state on delaying the onset of the metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus later in life.

Study Design: We define prolongation of a juvenile state as a retarded tempo of growth, determined by the timing of peak height velocity in each subject and relate the retarded tempo of growth to metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus later in life by use of serial data of 237 study participants (119 men and 118 women) enrolled in the Fels Longitudinal study.

Results: Children who matured early tended to have greater body mass index, waist circumference, and percent of body fat and were more likely to have adverse cardiovascular risk profiles than children who matured late.

Additive utility of family history and waist circumference to body mass index in childhood for predicting metabolic syndrome in adulthood.

Objective: To determine whether waist circumference (WC) and family history of disease increase the predictive utility of body mass index (BMI) for adult metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Study Design: A subsample of 161 men and women from the Fels Longitudinal Study with childhood and adulthood measures were analyzed. Using logistic regression, childhood BMI categories (50th, 75th, and 85th percentiles), WC categories (75th and 90th percentiles), and family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease were modeled separately and in combinations to predict adult MetS.

Predictive ability of childhood metabolic components for adult metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To estimate sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) during childhood for MetS and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood.

Study Design: Data from 3 major studies-the Fels Longitudinal Study, the Muscatine Study, and the Princeton Follow-up Study-were combined to examine how thresholds of metabolic components during childhood determine adult MetS and T2D. Available metabolic components examined in the 1789 subjects included high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride levels, glucose, and percentiles for body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures.