Mechanical plasticity of cells.

Under mechanical loading, most living cells show a viscoelastic deformation that follows a power law in time. After removal of the mechanical load, the cell shape recovers only incompletely to its original undeformed configuration. Here, we show that incomplete shape recovery is due to an additive plastic deformation that displays the same power-law dynamics as the fully reversible viscoelastic deformation response.

[Effectiveness of an Educator Training about the Attention-Deficit-/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)].

The purpose of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of a workshop for teachers focussing on ADHD. A total of 44 educators answered a short version of the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorders Scale (KADDS) and self-report questions before, shortly after, and three month subsequent (follow-up) to a 2.5 hour long workshop.

Hepatosteatosis and estrogen increase apolipoprotein O production in the chicken.

Apolipoprotein O (ApoO) is a recently discovered plasma apolipoprotein that may also play a role in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Possibly due to this complexity, its physiological functions have not been elucidated yet. To gain insight from a non-mammalian experimental system, we have investigated the regulation of ApoO levels in an alternative, well-suited model for studies on lipid metabolism, the chicken.

All-optical control and metrology of electron pulses.

Short electron pulses are central to time-resolved atomic-scale diffraction and electron microscopy, streak cameras, and free-electron lasers. We demonstrate phase-space control and characterization of 5-picometer electron pulses using few-cycle terahertz radiation, extending concepts of microwave electron pulse compression and streaking to terahertz frequencies. Optical-field control of electron pulses provides synchronism to laser pulses and offers a temporal resolution that is ultimately limited by the rise-time of the optical fields applied.

Circulating soluble form of LR11, a regulator of smooth muscle cell migration, is a novel marker for intima-media thickness of carotid arteries in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration from the media to the intima, a process affecting plaque stability in advanced-stage atherosclerosis, is under the control of LR11. To delineate the clinical significance of the circulating soluble form of LR11 (sLR11) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), we analyzed the correlation of sLR11 levels with intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries.

Methods: Plasma sLR11 levels were measured in 165 patients with T2D (mean age 56.

A comparative study of vitellogenesis in Echinodermata: Lessons from the sea star.

The provision of yolk precursor proteins to the oviparous egg is crucial for normal embryo development. In Echinodermata, a transferrin-like yolk component termed major yolk protein (MYP) is a major precursor protein in Echinoidea and Holothuroidea. In contrast, in Asteroidea a single vitellogenin (Vtg) was recently identified, but its role as primary yolk protein remains unclear.

Levels of soluble LR11/SorLA are highly increased in the bile of patients with biliary tract and pancreatic cancers.

Background: The utility of molecules derived from cancer cells as biomarkers of the pathological status in biliary tract and pancreatic cancers is still limited. Soluble LDL receptor relative with 11 ligand-binding repeats (sLR11), a molecule released from immature cells, has been shown to be a circulating biomarker for early stage hematological malignancies.

Methods: We have evaluated the pathological significance of bile sLR11 levels in 147 samples from 72 patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC), pancreatic cancer (PC), or benign diseases.

Catalysis in a Cage: Condition-Dependent Speciation and Dynamics of Exchanged Cu Cations in SSZ-13 Zeolites.

The relationships among the macroscopic compositional parameters of a Cu-exchanged SSZ-13 zeolite catalyst, the types and numbers of Cu active sites, and activity for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 are established through experimental interrogation and computational analysis of materials across the catalyst composition space. Density functional theory, stochastic models, and experimental characterizations demonstrate that within the synthesis protocols applied here and across Si:Al ratios, the volumetric density of six-membered-rings (6MR) containing two Al (2Al sites) is consistent with a random Al siting in the SSZ-13 lattice subject to Löwenstein's rule. Further, exchanged Cu(II) ions first populate these 2Al sites before populating remaining unpaired, or 1Al, sites as Cu(II)OH.

A comparison of contributing effects on 2-vehicle alcohol-related crashes between impaired and nonimpaired operators.

Objective: Driving under the influence of alcohol is a crime that places the lives of all motorists in danger. Though it is a largely preventable act, impaired driving has accounted for 31 to 38% of fatal crashes across the country over the last decade. When an impaired operator crashes his or her vehicle, there is often a second unit, of which the operator is not impaired, involved in the crash.

Adaptation and Validation of E-Probe Diagnostic Nucleic Acid Analysis for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Metagenomic Data from Complex Food Matrices.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently emphasized the need for enhanced technologies to use in investigations of outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. To address this need, e-probe diagnostic nucleic acid analysis (EDNA) was adapted and validated as a tool for the rapid, effective identification and characterization of multiple pathogens in a food matrix. In EDNA, unassembled next generation sequencing data sets from food sample metagenomes are queried using pathogen-specific sequences known as electronic probes (e-probes).

Regional and directional compliance of the healthy aorta: an ex vivo study in a porcine model.

Objectives: To gain differential knowledge about the physiological compliance and wall strength of the different regions of the aorta, including the ascending aorta, arch and descending aorta in both the circumferential and longitudinal directions, and to generate a hypothesis on the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to Type A aortic dissection.

Methods: Fresh tissue specimens from 22 ex vivo porcine aortas were analysed on a tensile tester. Regional and directional compliance, failure stress and failure strain were recorded.

Penicillium echinulatum secretome analysis reveals the fungi potential for degradation of lignocellulosic biomass.

Background: The enzymatic degradation of lignocellulosic materials by fungal enzyme systems has been extensively studied due to its effectiveness in the liberation of fermentable sugars for bioethanol production. Recently, variants of the fungus Penicillium echinulatum have been described as a great producer of cellulases and considered a promising strain for the bioethanol industry.

Results: Penicillium echinulatum, wild-type 2HH and its mutant strain S1M29, were grown on four different carbon sources: cellulose, sugar cane bagasse pretreated by steam explosion (SCB), glucose, and glycerol for 120 h.

Ascending aortic elongation and the risk of dissection.

Objectives: Unlike aneurysm formation, the role of ascending aortic elongation in the pathogenesis of Type A aortic dissection (TAD) is largely unclear. We investigated the morphology of healthy, dissected and predissection aortas with a focus on ascending aortic length.

Methods: We retrospectively compared clinical and computer tomography angiography (CTA) data from TAD patients (n = 130), patients who developed a TAD in the further clinical course (preTAD, n = 16) and healthy control patients who received a CTA for non-aortic emergencies (n = 165).

Exploratory Disposal and Reuse Feasibility Analysis of Winter Maintenance Wash Water.

The Ohio Department of Transportation has more than 60 facilities without sewer access generating approximately 19 million gallons of winter maintenance wash water. Off-site disposal is costly, creating the need for sustainable management strategies. The objective of this study was to conduct an exploratory feasibility analysis to assess wash water disposal and potential reuse as brine.

Breaking Object Correspondence Across Saccadic Eye Movements Deteriorates Object Recognition.

Visual perception is based on information processing during periods of eye fixations that are interrupted by fast saccadic eye movements. The ability to sample and relate information on task-relevant objects across fixations implies that correspondence between presaccadic and postsaccadic objects is established. Postsaccadic object information usually updates and overwrites information on the corresponding presaccadic object.

Universal parent training as a supplement to inpatient psychiatric treatment for children and adolescents.

Parent trainings constitute an effective method to target aspects of parenting in child and adolescent psychiatric and psychotherapeutic care. Past research has mainly been conducted in outpatient contexts, with parents of children with externalizing disorders and often included only small sample sizes. The aim of the current study was first to assess the effectiveness of a novel parent training which is characterized by a universal approach, an open group concept, and short duration, and second to identify variables that have an influence on the effectiveness.

Normative data for the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot, midfoot, hallux and lesser toes clinical rating system.

Purpose: Despite some theoretical reservations, the AOFAS clinical rating system with its scales for ankle-hindfoot, midfoot, hallux and lesser toes is one of the most widely used assessment tools in foot and ankle surgery. This study was designed to generate age- and gender-related norm values for all four subscales.

Methods: Despite not being used in a self-administered manner, the AOFAS score underwent cross cultural adaptation to guarantee unrestricted comparability of data.

Geochemical behaviour of palladium in soils and Pd/PdO model substances in the presence of the organic complexing agents L-methionine and citric acid.

Risk assessments of platinum group metal (PGE) emissions, notably those of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh), have been mostly based on data regarding the metallic forms used in vehicular exhaust converters, known to be virtually biologically inert and immobile. To adequately assess the potential impacts of PGE, however, data on the chemical behaviour of these metals under ambient conditions post-emission is needed. Complexing agents with a high affinity for metals in the environment are hypothesized to contribute to an increased bioaccessibility of PGE.

Subfraction analysis of circulating lipoproteins in a patient with Tangier disease due to a novel ABCA1 mutation.

Tangier disease, characterized by low or absent high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is a rare hereditary lipid storage disorder associated with frequent, but not obligatory, severe premature atherosclerosis due to disturbed reverse cholesterol transport from tissues. The reasons for the heterogeneity in atherogenicity in certain dyslipidemias have not been fully elucidated. Here, using high-performance liquid chromatography with a gel filtration column (HPLC-GFC), we have studied the lipoprotein profile of a 17-year old male patient with Tangier disease who to date has not developed manifest coronary atherosclerosis.

The N-terminal Helical Region of the Hepatitis C Virus p7 Ion Channel Protein Is Critical for Infectious Virus Production.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 protein is required for infectious virus production via its role in assembly and ion channel activity. Although NMR structures of p7 have been reported, the location of secondary structural elements and orientation of the p7 transmembrane domains differ among models. Furthermore, the p7 structure-function relationship remains unclear.

Lipid transport to avian oocytes and to the developing embryo.

Studies of receptor-mediated lipoprotein metabolic pathways in avian species have revealed that physiological intricacies of specific cell types are highly analogous to those in mammals. A prime example for the power of comparative studies across different animal kingdoms, elucidated in the chicken, is that the expression of different lipoprotein receptors in somatic cells and oocytes are the key to oocyte growth. In avian species, yolk precursor transport from the hen's liver to rapidly growing oocytes and the subsequent transfer of yolk nutrients via the yolk sac to the developing embryo are highly efficient processes.

Soluble LR11/SorLA represses thermogenesis in adipose tissue and correlates with BMI in humans.

Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an important component of energy expenditure in mammals. Recent studies have confirmed its presence and metabolic role in humans. Defining the physiological regulation of BAT is therefore of great importance for developing strategies to treat metabolic diseases.

CO2 Chemistry of Phenolate-Based Ionic Liquids.

We synthesized ionic liquids (ILs) comprising an alkylphosphonium cation paired with phenolate, 4-nitrophenolate, and 4-methoxyphenolate anions that span a wide range of predicted reaction enthalpies with CO2. Each phenolate-based IL was characterized by spectroscopic techniques, and their physical properties (viscosity, conductivity, and CO2 solubility) were determined. We use the computational quantum chemical approach paired with experimental results to reveal the reaction mechanism of CO2 with phenolate ILs.

LR11/SorLA links triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to risk of developing cardiovascular disease in FH patients.

Objective: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, whether an individual heterozygous FH patient will develop CVD depends on other genetic- and environmental risk factors as well. LDL receptor-related protein with 11 ligand binding repeat (LR11) and its soluble form (sLR11) play a role in the progression of atherosclerosis.

A new approach for detecting fungal and oomycete plant pathogens in next generation sequencing metagenome data utilising electronic probes.

Early stage infections caused by fungal/oomycete spores may not be detected until signs or symptoms develop. Serological and molecular techniques are currently used for detecting these pathogens. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has potential as a diagnostic tool, due to the capacity to target multiple unique signature loci of pathogens in an infected plant metagenome.