Immunomodulatory effects of intravenous and subcutaneous immunoglobulin in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: An observational study.

Background And Purpose: It is not known whether the route of administration affects the mechanisms of action of therapeutic immunoglobulin in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). The aim of this study, therefore, was to compare the immunomodulatory effects of intravenous (IVIg) and subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) in patients with CIDP and in IVIg-treated common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients.

Methods: Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples were obtained from 30 CIDP patients receiving IVIg, 10 CIDP patients receiving SCIg, and 15 patients with CVID receiving IVIg.

Differences in the B-mode imaging quality of ultrasound devices in the mid-price segment.

Aims: A meaningful sonographic examination is decisively dependent on the B-scan quality of the ultrasound device. When selecting a suitable ultrasound device, B-scan quality should be an important purchase criterion. Although there is no generally accepted method to measure B-scan quality, we tried to evaluate comparable sonography devices from different manufacturers regarding B-scan quality.

Genome-first approach of the prevalence and cancer phenotypes of pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline TP53 variants.

Pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline TP53 variants are the primary cause of Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a hereditary cancer predisposition disorder characterized by early-onset cancers. The population prevalence of P/LP germline TP53 variants is estimated to be approximately one in every 3,500 to 20,000 individuals. However, these estimates are likely impacted by ascertainment biases and lack of clinical and genetic data to account for potential confounding factors, such as clonal hematopoiesis.

Epithelial NAD depletion drives mitochondrial dysfunction and contributes to intestinal inflammation.

Introduction: We have previously demonstrated that a pathologic downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) within the intestinal epithelium contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanism underlying downregulation of PGC1α expression and activity during IBD is not yet clear.

Methods: Mice (male; C57Bl/6, /+; mice, and ) were subjected to experimental colitis and treated with nicotinamide riboside.

Dental injuries in Swiss soccer supporters: A comparative study of regular fans, ultras, and hooligans for public health strategies.

Objectives: Violence among soccer supporters continues to pose a significant public health concern in many parts of the world. In Switzerland, hooliganism is largely uninvestigated. This study aimed to examine incidents of violence and associated dental injuries among different groups of soccer supporters, as well as assess the impact of intoxicants on their behavior, using survey data from regular fans, ultras, and hooligans in the Swiss Football League.

[Insomnia in psychiatry and psychotherapy].

Insomnia disorder is characterized by disturbed sleep continuity and associated daytime impairment. Insomnia is frequent in patients with psychiatric disorders ; 30-40% fulfill the criteria for insomnia disorder as a comorbidity. According to current guidelines, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the first-line treatment, comprising sleep education, bedtime restriction, relaxation and cognitive restructuring.

Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in inpatient psychiatric care: a systematic review.

Insomnia is highly prevalent among patients with psychiatric disorders. According to current guidelines, cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) represents the first-line treatment for chronic insomnia, also for patients with psychiatric comorbidity. While recent studies have demonstrated that CBT-I not only improves insomnia but also other health outcomes in patients with psychiatric disorders and comorbid insomnia in outpatient settings, the level of implementation and treatment potential of CBT-I in inpatient psychiatry is less clear.

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Augmentation and the Liver Phenotype of Adults With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (Genotype Pi∗ZZ).

Background & Aims: α1-Antitrypsin (AAT) is a major protease inhibitor produced by hepatocytes. The most relevant AAT mutation giving rise to AAT deficiency (AATD), the 'Pi∗Z' variant, causes harmful AAT protein accumulation in the liver, shortage of AAT in the systemic circulation, and thereby predisposes to liver and lung injury. Although intravenous AAT augmentation constitutes an established treatment of AATD-associated lung disease, its impact on the liver is unknown.

A lamprey neural cell type atlas illuminates the origins of the vertebrate brain.

The vertebrate brain emerged more than ~500 million years ago in common evolutionary ancestors. To systematically trace its cellular and molecular origins, we established a spatially resolved cell type atlas of the entire brain of the sea lamprey-a jawless species whose phylogenetic position affords the reconstruction of ancestral vertebrate traits-based on extensive single-cell RNA-seq and in situ sequencing data. Comparisons of this atlas to neural data from the mouse and other jawed vertebrates unveiled various shared features that enabled the reconstruction of cell types, tissue structures and gene expression programs of the ancestral vertebrate brain.

Aspirin is associated with a reduced incidence of liver disease in men.

Background: The hepatoprotective effects of aspirin have been observed in individuals with viral hepatitis; however, its impact on the general population remains uncertain. Understanding the association between aspirin use and the development of liver diseases is crucial for optimizing preventive strategies.

Methods: We identified individuals with aspirin use in the UK Biobank and the Penn Medicine Biobank, as well as propensity-score-matched controls.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor genetic polymorphism rs6265 and creativity.

The protein brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes neural plasticity of the central nervous system and plays an important role for learning and memory. A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6265) at position 66 in the pro-region of the human BDNF gene, resulting in a substitution of the amino acid valine (val) with methionine (met), leads to attenuated BDNF secretion and has been associated with reduced neurocognitive function. Inhomogeneous results have been found regarding the effect of the BDNF genotype on behavior.

Early mortality in German patients with lung cancer: risk factors associated with 30-and 60-day mortality.

Despite therapeutic advances, early mortality in lung cancer is still prevalent. In this study, we aimed to assess risk factors for 30- and 60-day mortality in German lung cancer patients. In this retrospective cross-sectional analysis, we used data of lung cancer patients treated at LMU Hospital Munich between 2015 and 2019.

Monolayer-Based Single-Photon Source in a Liquid-Helium-Free Open Cavity Featuring 65% Brightness and Quantum Coherence.

Solid-state single-photon sources are central building blocks in quantum information processing. Atomically thin crystals have emerged as sources of nonclassical light; however, they perform below the state-of-the-art devices based on volume crystals. Here, we implement a bright single-photon source based on an atomically thin sheet of WSe coupled to a tunable optical cavity in a liquid-helium-free cryostat without the further need for active stabilization.

Epigenetic control of pancreatic cancer metastasis.

Surgical resection, when combined with chemotherapy, has been shown to significantly improve the survival rate of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, this treatment option is only feasible for a fraction of patients, as more than 50% of cases are diagnosed with metastasis. The multifaceted process of metastasis is still not fully understood, but recent data suggest that transcriptional and epigenetic plasticity play significant roles.

Automatic covariance pattern analysis outperforms visual reading of F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in variant progressive supranuclear palsy.

Background: To date, studies on positron emission tomography (PET) with F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) usually included PSP cohorts overrepresenting patients with Richardson's syndrome (PSP-RS).

Objectives: To evaluate FDG-PET in a patient sample representing the broad phenotypic PSP spectrum typically encountered in routine clinical practice.

Methods: This retrospective, multicenter study included 41 PSP patients, 21 (51%) with RS and 20 (49%) with non-RS variants of PSP (vPSP), and 46 age-matched healthy controls.

2,4-Dinitrophenol does not exert neuro-regenerative potential in experimental autoimmune neuritis.

Objective: We evaluated the potential neuro-regenerative effects of the mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-Dinitrophenol in experimental autoimmune neuritis, an animal model for an acute autoimmune neuropathy.

Methods: Experimental autoimmune neuritis was induced in Lewis rats. Different concentrations of 2,4-Dinitrophenol (1 mg/kg, 0.

Pulsed Field or Conventional Thermal Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Catheter-based pulmonary vein isolation is an effective treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Pulsed field ablation, which delivers microsecond high-voltage electrical fields, may limit damage to tissues outside the myocardium. The efficacy and safety of pulsed field ablation as compared with conventional thermal ablation are not known.

Impact of PNPLA3 I148M on alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-dependent liver disease progression.

Background And Aims: Genetic risk factors are major determinants of chronic liver disease (CLD) progression. Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) I148M polymorphism and alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) E342K variant, termed PiZ, are major modifiers of metabolic CLD. Both variants are known to affect metabolic CLD through increased endoplasmic reticulum stress, but their combined effect on CLD progression remains largely unknown.

Change-of-Direction Speed Assessments and Testing Procedures in Tennis: A Systematic Review.

Schneider, C, Rothschild, J, and Uthoff, A. Change-of-direction speed assessments and testing procedures in tennis: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): 1888-1895, 2023-Change-of-direction speed (CODS) plays an essential role in tennis match play, and CODS performance is, therefore, commonly assessed and monitored in tennis players.

Large-scale identification of undiagnosed hepatic steatosis using natural language processing.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity in people with and without diabetes, but it is underdiagnosed, posing challenges for research and clinical management. Here, we determine if natural language processing (NLP) of data in the electronic health record (EHR) could identify undiagnosed patients with hepatic steatosis based on pathology and radiology reports.

Methods: A rule-based NLP algorithm was built using a Linguamatics literature text mining tool to search 2.