Efficient p Determination in a Nonaqueous Solvent Using Chemical Shift Imaging.

p is an important property of a molecule which impacts many fields, such as drug design, catalysis, reactivity, and environmental toxicity. It is often necessary to measure p in nonaqueous media due to the poor solubility of an analyte in water, for example, many compounds of pharmaceutical interest. Although NMR methods to measure p in water are well established, determining p in organic solvents is laborious and problematic.

Velopharyngeal Muscle Morphology in Children With Unrepaired Submucous Cleft Palate: An Imaging Study.

Objective: To identify quantitative and qualitative differences in the velopharyngeal musculature and surrounding structures between children with submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) and noncleft controls with normal anatomy and normal speech.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate the velopharyngeal mechanism in 20 children between 4 and 9 years of age; 5 with unrepaired SMCP and VPI. Quantitative and qualitative measures of the velum and levator veli palatini in participants with symptomatic SMCP were compared to noncleft controls with normal velopharyngeal anatomy and normal speech.

Effects of Surgical Intervention and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on Velopharyngeal Structure and Function: A Case Report.

Changes to the velum and velopharyngeal muscles following Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty in a 7-year-old female with submucous cleft palate and velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) were evaluated. Perceptual, instrumental (ie, nasometry and aerodynamic pressure flow), and research magnetic resonance imaging analyses were used during pre- and postsurgical time points at a university research clinic. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy was trialed following a failed surgery for residual VPD in the patient.

Examining a New Method to Studying Velopharyngeal Structures in a Child With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

Purpose: To date, no studies have imaged the velopharynx in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2 DS) without the use of sedation.

Examining Velopharyngeal Closure Patterns Based on Anatomic Variables.

The purpose of this study was to use three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging to correlate velopharyngeal closure patterns with velopharyngeal anatomic structural characteristics. Thirty-eight participants (18 females and 20 males) between 19 and 32 years of age participated in the study. Participants were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging and nasopharyngoscopy to determine closure pattern type and their relationship to anatomic characteristics believed to influence velopharyngeal closure.

Normative Velopharyngeal Data in Infants: Implications for Treatment of Cleft Palate.

Identifying normative data related to velopharyngeal muscles and structures may have clinical significance for infants born with cleft palate, especially as they relate to selection of surgical intervention and postsurgical outcomes. Previous studies suggest that patients whose anatomy postsurgically is dissimilar to that of their normative counterparts are at risk for hypernasal speech. However, studies have not documented what constitutes "normal" anatomy for the clinically relevant population-that is, the infant population.

Subpicosecond and picosecond studies of electron transfer intermediates in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides reaction centers.

The primary electron transfer processes in isolated reaction centers of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides have been investigated with subpicosecond and picosecond spectroscopic techniques. Spectra and kinetics of the absorbance changes following excitation with 0.7-ps 610-nm pulses, absorbed predominantly by bacteriochlorophyll (BChl), indicate that the radical pair state P+BPh-, in which an electron has been transferred from the BChl dimer (P) to a bacteriopheophytin (BPh), is formed with a time constant no greater than 4 ps.

[2,2-Hydrazinopyrimidines with branched substituents as potential antitumor agents. Condensation with hydrazine-N,N-dicarboxamidine].

With a view to the cytostatic effect exhibited by certain representatives of the 2,2'-hydrazopyrimidines on the one hand, and by various drugs carrying branched substituents on the other hand, 4,4',6,6'-tetra-tert.-butyl-2,2'-hydrazopyrimidine (III) has been prepared by condensation of 1,2-hydrazine-dicarboxamidine (I) with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione (II). Structure III has been confirmed by IR and NMR data and by its N,N'-diacetyl derivative IV.