Surfalize: A Python Library for Surface Topography and Roughness Analysis Designed for Periodic Surface Structures.

Surface roughness measurement is an integral part of the characterization of microtextured surfaces. Multiple established software packages offer the calculation of roughness parameters according to ISO 25178. However, these packages lack a specific set of features, which we hope to address in this work.

Increasing Heat Transfer from Metal Surfaces through Laser-Interference-Induced Microscopic Heat Sinks.

With the increasing processing power of micro-electronic components and increasing spatial limitations, ensuring sufficient heat dissipation has become a crucial task. This work presents a microscopic approach to increasing the surface area through periodic surface structures. Microstructures with a periodic distance of 8.

Influence of Extraperitoneal Metastases on the Curative-Intent Management of Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases.

Background: Selected patients with colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis (CRPM) and extraperitoneal disease could be treated radically with a multimodal approach combining complete cytoreductive surgery, thermoablation, radiotherapy, and systemic and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The impact of extraperitoneal metastatic sites (EPMS) in this setting remains unclear.

Patients And Methods: Patients with CRPM undergoing complete cytoreduction in 2005-2018 were grouped in: peritoneal disease only (PDO), one EPMS (1 + EPMS), two or more EPMS (2 + EPMS).

Sequential and direct ionic excitation in the strong-field ionization of 1-butene molecules.

We study the Strong-Field Ionization (SFI) of the hydrocarbon 1-butene as a function of wavelength using photoion-photoelectron covariance and coincidence spectroscopy. We observe a striking transition in the fragment-associated photoelectron spectra: from a single Above Threshold Ionization (ATI) progression for photon energies less than the cation D0-D1 gap to two ATI progressions for a photon energy greater than this gap. For the first case, electronically excited cations are created by SFI populating the ground cationic state D0, followed by sequential post-ionization excitation.

Molecular orbital imprint in laser-driven electron recollision.

Electrons released by strong-field ionization from atoms and molecules or in solids can be accelerated in the oscillating laser field and driven back to their ion core. The ensuing interaction, phase-locked to the optical cycle, initiates the central processes underlying attosecond science. A common assumption assigns a single, well-defined return direction to the recolliding electron.

CEP-stable few-cycle pulses with more than 190 μJ of energy at 100 kHz from a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier.

Noncollinear optical parametric amplifiers (NOPAs) have become the leading technique for the amplification of carrier-envelope phase (CEP)-stable, few-cycle pulses at high repetition rate and high average power. In this Letter, a NOPA operating at a repetition rate of 100 kHz delivering more than 24 W of average power before compression is reported. The amplified bandwidth supports sub-7 fs pulse durations and pulse compression close to the transform limit is realized.

Evaluation of newly synthesized and commercially available charged cyclomaltooligosaccharides (cyclodextrins) for capillary electrokinetic chromatography.

A highly new charged cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives, (6-O-carboxymethyl-2,3-di-O-methyl)cyclomaltoheptaoses (CDM-beta-CDs), was synthesized and characterized as anionic reagents for capillary electrophoresis (CE) in an electrokinetic chromatography mode of separation. Substitution with dimethyl groups at the secondary hydroxyl sites of the CD is aimed at influencing the magnitude and selectivity of analyte-CD interactions, while substitution by carboxymethyl groups at the primary hydroxyl sites provides for high charge and electrophoretic mobility. Full regioselective methylation at the secondary hydroxyl sites was achieved in this work, while substitution at the primary hydroxyl sites generated a mixture of multiply charged products.

Physiological and psychological effects of Hatha-Yoga exercise in healthy women.

Hatha-Yoga has become increasingly popular in western countries as a method for coping with stress. However, little is known about the physiological and psychological effects of yoga practice. We measured heart rate, blood pressure, the hormones cortisol, prolactin and growth hormone and certain psychological parameters in a yoga practicing group and a control group of young female volunteers reading in a comfortable position during the experimental period.

Analysis of chemicals from earthworms and fish that elicit prey attack by ingestively naive garter snakes (Thamnophis).

Materials previously shown to elicit increased tongue-flicking and prey attack in garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) were isolated from both earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) and fish (Pimephales promelas). Both high- and low-molecular-weight components from earthworms and fish stimulated attacks and increased tongue-flicking in previously unfed neonate garter snakes relative to distilled water controls. Earthworm collagen was also effective, but even concentrated fractions were less effective than raw extract.

Comparison of earthworm- and fish-derived chemicals eliciting prey attack by garter snakes (Thamnophis).

Materials eliciting increased tongue flicking and prey attack in garter snakes were isolated from both earthworm and fish prey. New extraction methods based on chloroform-methanol mixtures are valuable adjuncts to the more typical aqueous preparations. Both high- and low-molecular weight components from earthworms and fish were active.

Cell surface polysaccharides from Bradyrhizobium japonicum and a nonnodulating mutant.

The cell surface polysaccharides of wild-type Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 and a nonnodulating mutant, strain HS123, were analyzed. The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and exopolysaccharide (EPS) of the wild type and the mutant strain do not differ in their sugar composition. CPS and EPS are composed of mannose, 4-O-methylgalactose/galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid in a ratio of 1:1:2:1, respectively.

Role for 2-linked-beta-D-glucan in the virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Phenol-water cell extracts of virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens A348 and several avirulent mutants with a reduced ability to attach to plant surfaces were examined. A low-molecular-weight 2-linked-beta-D-glucan was identified in the cell wall extracts of the virulent wild-type strain. Analyses of phenol-water extracts and culture filtrates of four mutant strains showed that the mutants did not produce any 2-linked-beta-D-glucan.

Responses by king snakes (Lampropeltis getulus) to chemicals from colubrid and crotaline snakes.

Four litters of king snakes (Lampropeltis getulus), a snake-eating species, were tested for responses to chemicals from colubrid and crotaline snakes. King snakes presented with swabs rubbed against the dorsal skin of living snakes and with swabs treated with methylene chloride extracts of shed snake skins tongue-flicked more to swabs from a northern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix), a crotaline, than to swabs from some colubrid snakes or to blank swabs. Six out of 10 king snakes in one litter attacked and attempted to ingest swabs treated with snake skin chemicals, implicating these chemicals as feeding stimuli for these ophiophagous snakes.

Adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, with or without Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and with or without irradiation in operable breast cancer. A prospective randomized trial.

Between May 1977 and April 1980, 238 patients with operable breast cancer were treated with adjuvant fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) chemotherapy. All patients were randomized to receive FAC alone or FAC with nonspecific immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. A randomization for routine postoperative irradiation was included in the study in May 1978.

Bisantrene, an active new drug in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

Forty-four patients with metastatic breast cancer who had previously received extensive conventional systemic therapy, including combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin, were treated with Bisantrene, a new anthracene derivative. The dose schedule was 250 to 300 mg/sq m body surface administered as a 1- to 2-hr i.v.

Multimodal treatment of locoregionally advanced breast cancer.

Fifty-two patients with locally advanced primary breast cancer (T3, T4/N2, N3) without distant metastases were treated with three cycles of combination chemotherapy consisting of 5-FU, Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (FAC) and immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) followed by local therapy (simple mastectomy and/or radiotherapy to breast/chest wall and regional lymphatics) and adjuvant chemotherapy to complete two years of treatment. Forty-nine of 52 (94%) patients were rendered free of clinically detectable disease. The median disease-free interval was 24 months.

Phase II clinical evaluation of AZQ in metastatic breast cancer.

Thirty-three patients with metastatic breast cancer who have failed prior combination chemotherapy including adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate, were treated with AZQ given on a 5-day I.V. schedule repeated every 4 weeks.

Combination chemotherapy with continuous infusion vinblastine and peptichemio for patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer.

Forty patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with a combination of continuous 5-day infusion vinblastine and peptichemio. All patients had received prior therapy with 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and methotrexate. Vinblastine was given at a dose of 1.

Potential cardiotoxicity with mitoxantrone.

Mitoxantrone is a promising new agent developed in an attempt to find drugs with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity and devoid of cardiotoxicity. In a phase II clinical trial for refractory metastatic breast cancer, we observed congestive heart failure in four of 31 high-risk patients either during or after treatment with this drug. This report calls attention to that observation, and recommendation is made that further evaluation of this agent include careful cardiac monitoring.

Peptichemio versus melphalan (L-PAM) in advanced breast cancer.

Peptichemio is a polypeptide complex of L-phenylalanine mustard. Because of structural similarities between melphalan (L-PAM) and Peptichemio a prospective randomized study was done to compare the therapeutic efficacy of these two agents. After failing various combinations of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, methotrexate, and vincristine patients with advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive either Peptichemio or L-PAM.

High-dose AMSA and bone marrow rescue in patients with solid tumors.

The feasibility of high-dose AMSA followed by autologous bone marrow rescue was studied in seven patients with solid tumors. They received a total of 12 courses of treatment. Total doses ranged from 600 to 1000 mg/m2/course.

Dihydroxyanthracenedione: a promising new drug in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

Thirty-one patients who had metastatic breast cancer extensively pretreated with combination chemotherapy, including doxorubicin, were tested with dihydroxyanthracenedione, 3 to 4 mg/m2 body surface area daily for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks. Of 27 evaluable patients, one achieved a complete response and five had partial responses. Furthermore, responses were seen in patients who were refractory to doxorubicin, indicating a lack of cross-resistance between doxorubicin and dihydroxyanthracenedione.