Renal magnesium wasting, incomplete tubular acidosis, hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis in siblings.

Polyuria, hyposthenuria, hypomagnesemia, hypercalciuria, advanced nephrocalcinosis, low citrate excretion and low glomerular filtration rates were observed in two female siblings who were followed over 10 years. Acid loading revealed incomplete distal tubular acidosis. Hypomagnesemia was due to renal magnesium wasting.

Erythrocyte organic phosphates in the anemia of renal failure in childhood.

Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG ) and adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) levels were determined in 43 children with chronic renal failure on conservative treatment (CT), and 12 children on regular hemodialysis (HD) immediately before and after a HD session. The results were compared to non-anemic and anemic controls. In spite of anemia, erythrocyte 2,3-DPG in renal failure was similar to non-anemic controls at normal blood pH, but rose during dialysis as a result of alkalosis.

[A new test-strip for the detection of hematuria (author's transl)].

The use of a new test strip for hematuria (Sangur-Test) is suggested for ambulatory and clinical practice. It seems to be reliable and sensitive enough to detect minor degrees of pathological amounts of red blood cells in urine (above 5/microliter). No false negative result was recorded in the present series.

[Haematuria in children. I. Differential diagnosis of haematuria in childhood (author's transl)].

Haematuria in children is either of glomerular or nonglomerular origin. In the latter case intravenous urography should always be performed. A renal biopsy is indicated if unexplained haematuria persists for at least one year or if an unfavorable prognosis is indicated by the appearance of hypertension, significant proteinuria or persistently low levels of serum complement (C3).

[Haematuria in children. II. Diagnostic problems in proteinuria and the nephrotic syndrome in childhood (author's transl)].

Methods for detection of proteinuria and its causes are reviewed. Recommendations are given concerning the diagnostic procedures after detection of pathological proteinuria. The nephrotic syndrome is discussed mainly under the aspect of predictability of the histo-pathological form of the glomerular lesions from clinical and biochemical parameters.

Cardiovascular impairment and physical working capacity in children with chronic renal failure.

Forty children with chronic renal failure (CRF) on conservative treatment, on hemodialysis, or after renal transplantation and 22 children respresenting a non-uremic control group were subjected to repeated cardiologic examinations by ECG, PCG, chest X-rays and cycle ergometer exercise tests to monitor signs of uremic heart disease and to evaluate physical working capacity (W170). In the CRF group a progressive impairment of W170 was found, starting at an early stage of the disease. Exercise tolerance was inversely related to the degree of CRF.

Dialysis and renal transplantation of children in Europe, 1975.

The number of new paediatric patients accepted for treatment by regular dialysis and transplantation increased more slowly than in previous years. Survival in children above 10 years appeared to be better with all modes of therapy than in younger children. The only improvement in survival noted among the different treatments was in patient and graft survival of living donor transplants.

Hemolysis and blood loss in children with chronic renal failure.

Erythrocyte life span was determined in 19 children with chronic renal failure on conservative treatment and in 12 children on regular hemodialysis. Erythrocytes were labeled with 111Indium. Blood loss was measured using a special counting chamber.

Effect of different preservation solutions and substrates on metabolic viability of kidney tubules.

Glucose production, pyruvate uptake and lactate production were taken as metabolic viability tests for isolated rat kidney tubules preserved in hypothermia. The results depend on the type of preservation solution used. Species specific serum is the only solution sustaining cellular metabolism at a normal level.

Acid-base status in dietary treatment of phenylketonuria.

Blood acid-base status, serum electrolytes, and urine pH were examined in 64 infants and children with phenylketonuria (PKU) treated with three different low phenylalanine protein hydrolyzates (Aponti, Cymogran, AlbumaidXP) and two synthetic amino acid mixtures (Aminogran, PAM). The formulas caused significant differences in acid-base status, serum potassium, and chloride, and in urine pH. In acid-base balance studies in two patients with PKU, Aponti, PAM, and two modifications of PAM (P2 + P3) were given.

Determination of glomerular function in advanced renal failure.

In 15 children with advanced chronic renal failure, glomerular filtration rate was determined by different methods. Inulin clearance correlated well with the mean of creatinine and urea clearance, and also with 51-chromium edetic acid (EDTA) clearance measured over 24 hours. The absolute values of creatinine clearance and of 51Cr-EDTA clearance measured up to 8 hours were higher than inulin clearance.

[The treatment of renal hypertension with verapamil in childhood (author's transl].

Twenty children with severe renal hypertension caused by renovacular lesions or chronic renal failure were treated with verapamil. The application of the drug as a single intravenous injection (0.1 mg/kg) during hypertensive crisis was followed by a drop of the systolic blood pressure which was highest 30 min after injection (--25% of the original value).

The effect of chronic underfeeding on organ weights of rats. How to interpret organ weight changes in cases of marked growth retardation in toxicity tests?

Growing male rats were kept on a restricted feed intake. After 13 weeks they reached a final body weight of 250 g in comparison with 366 g of their ad lib. fed controls.

Segmental renal hypoplasia in childhood.

Radiological findings of segmental renal hypoplasia are reported, based on the observation of 6 children aged between 8 and 14. The leading clinical symptom is arterial hypertension. Urinary tract infection and proteinuria are additional common findings.

Dialysis and renal transplantation of children in Europe, 1974.

About a third of all children with end-stage renal failure in Europe were accepted for treatment by regular dialysis or transplantation during 1974. The number of specialised paediatric dialysis centres increased. The number of renal transplants also increased, but fewer living donor grafts and retransplants were performed in 1974.