TP53 signature predicts pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: Observational and confirmational study using prospective study cohorts.

The TP53 signature is considered a predictor of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response and prognostic factor in breast cancer. The objective of this study was to confirm TP53 signature can predict pathological complete response (pCR) and prognosis in cohorts of breast cancer patients who received NAC in prospective studies. Development cohorts (retrospective [n = 37] and prospective [n = 216] cohorts) and validation cohorts (NAC administered prospective study cohorts [n = 407] and retrospective perioperative chemotherapy (PC)-naïve, hormone receptor (HrR)-positive cohort [PC-naïve_HrR+ cohort] [n = 322]) were used.

Fenugreek allergy caused by cross-reactivity with peanut: An analysis.

Fenugreek is often hidden in processed foods, where it is included in the generic term on food labels. Cross-reactivity of peanut and fenugreek should be considered in the management of peanut allergy.

Reducing stomatal density by expression of a synthetic epidermal patterning factor increases leaf intrinsic water use efficiency and reduces plant water use in a C4 crop.

Enhancing crop water use efficiency (WUE) is a key target trait for climatic resilience and expanding cultivation on marginal lands. Engineering lower stomatal density to reduce stomatal conductance (gs) has improved WUE in multiple C3 crop species. However, reducing gs in C3 species often reduces photosynthetic carbon gain.

CO-to-CO Conversion with Over 10 % Efficiency Using Earth Abundant System in a Single-Compartment Reactor with Oxygen Tolerant Mn Complex Catalyst.

The direct conversion of CO in the presence of O to value-added chemicals is a potentially important cost-effective solar-driven CO reduction technology. The present work demonstrates the solar-powered conversion of CO to CO with greater than 10 % efficiency using a Mn complex cathode and an Fe-Ni anode in a single-compartment reactor without an ion exchange membrane in conjunction with a Si solar cell. Reactors separated by ion exchange membranes are typically used to prevent any effects of oxygen generated by the counter electrode.

Cis-Trans Isomerization of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Methyl Ester by Natural Sulfur Compounds in Model Systems.

Growing evidence indicates that the intake of trans fatty acids (TFAs) increases the risk of numerous diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. Recently, our group found that certain natural sulfur compounds (allyl isothiocyanate [AITC] and diallyl disulfide [DADS]) promote cis to trans isomerization of fatty acid esters during heat treatment. However, little information is available on the fatty acid isomerization with them.

Mitigation of ammonia volatilization from organic and inorganic nitrogen sources applied to soil using water hyacinth biochars.

The recent global population explosion has increased people's food demand. To meet this demand, huge amounts of nitrogen (N) fertilizer have been applied in the worldwide. However, ammonia (NH) volatilization is one of the primary factors of N loss from soil after N application causing decrease crop N utilization efficiency and productivity.

Usefulness of Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy When Starting Antifibrotic Treatment and Predicting Progressive Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease: Descriptive Research.

Background: Although transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) is widely used in diagnostic algorithms for various interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), its real-world utility in the therapeutic decision-making strategy for ILD patients remains unclear, in particular, when judging the time to start antifibrotic agents.

Methods: We analyzed medical records of 40 consecutive patients with idiopathic or fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis who underwent TBLC. A TBLC-based usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) score was used to assess three morphologic descriptors: patchy fibrosis, fibroblastic foci, and honeycombing.

[The Strategy for Aortic Root Pathology Due to Stanford Type A Acute Aortic Dissection].

The surgical outcomes of aortic root replacement for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection( AAAD) remain unacceptable with a 30-day mortality rate of 20%. Additionally, in young patients requiring aortic root replacement for AAAD, the preservation of native valve is desirable, yet challenging to achieve in emergent surgery with poor preoperative status. Ideally, we aim to avoid aortic root replacement whenever possible, opting instead for partial remodeling even in cases necessitating incision into the aortic root.

Naked mole-rat TMEM2 lacks physiological hyaluronan-degrading activity.

Mouse transmembrane protein 2 (mTMEM2) has been identified as a hyaluronidase, which has extracellularly G8 and GG domains and PbH1 repeats; however, our previously study showed that human TMEM2 (hTMEM2) is not a catalytic hyaluronidase due to the absence of the critical amino acid residues (His248/Ala303) in the GG domain. Naked mole-rats (NMRs) accumulate abundant high-molecular weight hyaluronan (HA) in their tissues, suggesting decreased HA degradation. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the HA-degrading activity of NMR TMEM2 (nmrTMEM2) and compare it with those of mTMEM2 and hTMEM2.

Enhanced In Situ Spatial Proteomics by Effective Combination of MALDI Imaging and LC-MS/MS.

Highly specialized cells are fundamental for the proper functioning of complex organs. Variations in cell-type-specific gene expression and protein composition have been linked to a variety of diseases. Investigation of the distinctive molecular makeup of these cells within tissues is therefore critical in biomedical research.

Allelic frequency of pathogenic α-antitrypsin variants in the Japanese population: Results from a survey of open Japanese genetic variation databases.

α-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a hereditary disorder with a global prevalence that differs across regions. AATD is highly prevalent in Europe and North America but rarely found in Asian countries, including Japan, possibly because of the founder effect of the pathogenic SERPINA1 variants PI*Z and PI*S. However, AATD remains underdiagnosed even in high-prevalence and low-prevalence regions, possibly because of lack of awareness.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for facial wrinkles and sagging: The 8-week prospective, split-face, controlled trial in Asians.

Objective: This study aims to fill the knowledge gap regarding the effects of high frequency facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (fNMES) on facial aging, using a device equipped with CERTEC (Cell Energy Regeneration Technology) operating between 40 and 190 kHz.

Methods: This prospective split-face study was conducted at Tokyo University Hospital between March and May 2023 with 24 healthy adult women aged 30-59. The intervention group used the fNMES device along with basic skin care on one side of the face, and basic skin care alone on the other side for 8 weeks.

Dual inhibition of SUMOylation and MEK conquers MYC-expressing KRAS-mutant cancers by accumulating DNA damage.

Background: KRAS mutations frequently occur in cancers, particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. Although KRAS inhibitors have recently been approved, effective precision therapies have not yet been established for all KRAS-mutant cancers. Many treatments for KRAS-mutant cancers, including epigenome-targeted drugs, are currently under investigation.

Nuclear actin assembly is an integral part of decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells.

Decidualization of the human endometrium is critical for establishing pregnancy and is entailed by differentiation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) into decidual cells. During decidualization, the actin cytoskeleton is dynamically reorganized for the ESCs' morphological and functional changes. Although actin dynamically alters its polymerized state upon external stimuli not only in the cytoplasm, but also in the nucleus, nuclear actin dynamics during decidualization have not been elucidated.

Molecular and structural basis of the chromatin remodeling activity by Arabidopsis DDM1.

The histone H2A variant H2A.W occupies transposons and thus prevents access to them in Arabidopsis thaliana. H2A.