Optimising compensatory growth in pastoral beef production systems: insights into feed efficiency, body composition, carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes.

Exploitation of compensatory growth (CG) is a widely practised management strategy in beef production, especially under pastoral conditions due to its potential to reduce feed costs. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of nutritional restriction during backgrounding in Angus steers slaughtered at either similar age and/or similar BW on feed efficiency, body composition, carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes under either a forage or feedlot-based finishing diet. Eighty steers (BW: 444 ± 39 kg, age: 18 ± 1 months) were blocked and randomly assigned within block to either an optimal (0.

Impact of Fasciola hepatica Infection and Triclabendazole Treatment on Humoral Immune Response in Cattle.

Fasciola hepatica is a trematode parasite of significant veterinary and public health importance, causing economic losses in livestock due to liver damage, weight loss and reduced milk production. Although triclabendazole (TCZ) is available for treatment, it does not prevent the disease or reinfection. Infected animals exhibit strong immunoregulation, increasing susceptibility to secondary infections and altering vaccine-induced antibody responses.

Delays in Treatment for Temporal Encephaloceles and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks.

Objective: Lateral skull base defects (LSBD) pose a diagnostic challenge; however, early recognition and treatment are important to avoid sequelae. This study examines the impact of health care disparities associated with time to diagnosis and treatment for patients with LSBD.

Study Design, Setting, Patients, Intervention, Outcome Measures: Multi-institutional retrospective cohort study at four U.

Experimental oral administration of pollen beetle () to cattle results in an acute lethal gastrointestinal disease.

In the summer of 2023, ingestion of (pollen beetle) was linked to spontaneous fatal disease in grazing cattle and sheep in Argentina and Uruguay. While the disease was experimentally reproduced in sheep and guinea pigs in the 1970's, no experimental reproductions have been attempted in cattle, and controversy exists as to whether this insect is indeed noxious to cattle and at which dose. Here, we demonstrate that causes acute fatal disease in Hereford calves at single oral dosages of 2.

Fasciola hepatica infection modifies IgG1 specific immune response to foot-and-mouth disease virus induced by vaccination.

Fasciola hepatica, a worldwide distributed helminth, has a robust immunoregulatory effect in the host, increasing the susceptibility to secondary infections. Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious acute vesicular viral disease effectively controlled by vaccination in endemic regions. Despite the evidence of immunoregulatory effects, the impact of fasciolosis on the immune response induced by FMD vaccination in cattle has never been assessed.

Response of cows with osteomalacia grazing sub-tropical native pastures to phosphorus supplementation with loose mineral mix or feed blocks.

Osteomalacia outbreaks often occur in cattle grazing native pastures in regions with endemic phosphorous (P) deficiency. This study evaluated the responses of two groups of cows, initially with clinical signs of chronic P deficiency, to P supplements (100 g P/kg) offered ad libitum for 13 weeks as a loose mineral mix (LMM group) or the same mineral mix offered as blocks (BMM group). Half of the cows in each group were categorized as 'with' or 'without' severe osteopenia according to a test that depended on the resistance to penetration of a needle through the left lateral process of the L4-L5 lumbar vertebra.

Examining the pediatric subglottic airway by ultrasound: A systematic review.

Objective: The purpose of this review was to determine the ability of ultrasound (US) to assess the subglottic airway in pediatric patients to estimate the appropriate size of endotracheal tube (ETT).

Data Sources: Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase databases.

Methods: A search of the literature was performed for studies that utilized ultrasonography to examine the minimal transverse diameter of the subglottic airway (MTDSA) in the pediatric (age < 18) population to estimate endotracheal tube (ETT) size.

Molecular of Anaplasma marginale Theiler (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Uruguay.

Anaplasma marginale is transmitted biologically by infected ticks or mechanically by biting flies and contaminated fomites. In tick-free areas, such as southern Uruguay, horseflies could be the principal vectors of this pathogen for bovines, causing anaplasmosis. The objective of this work was to detect the presence of A.

Referral Patterns of Outpatient Palliative Care among the Head and Neck Cancer Population.

 Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) experience unique physical and psychosocial challenges that impact their health and quality of life. Early implementation of palliative care has been shown to improve various health care outcomes.  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the patterns of referral of patients with HNC to outpatient palliative care as they relate to utilization of resources and end-of-life discussions.

Telehealth Adoption and Perspectives Among Pediatric Otolaryngologists Following the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives: To assess use of and physician experiences with pediatric otolaryngology telehealth visits as impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Study Design/setting: Cross sectional survey.

Methods: A 15-question survey was electronically distributed to 656 members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology in August 2021, addressing member demographics, experiential practice elements, and use pre-pandemic, during the initial shutdown period of March-May 2020, and current use at the time of survey inquiry.

Liver function markers and haematological dynamics during acute and chronic phases of experimental Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle treated with triclabendazole.

Fasciola hepatica, a worldwide-distributed liver fluke, is one of the causative agents of fasciolosis, a zoonotic disease that affects livestock and humans. In livestock, fasciolosis causes huge economic losses worldwide, reducing animal fertility, milk production, weight gain and condemnation of livers. In spite of the availability of drugs, such as triclabendazole (TCZ), for the treatment of fasciolosis, they do not necessarily prevent liver damage or parasite reinfection and can eventually increase parasite resistance.

Prevalence of post-intensive care syndrome in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients usually require long periods of mechanical ventilation and sedation, which added to steroid therapy, favours a predisposition to the development of delirium and subsequent mental health disorders, as well as physical and respiratory sequelae. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) at 3 months after hospital discharge, in a cohort of mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). An ambispective, observational study was conducted in three hospitals with intensive care unit (ICU) follow-up clinics.

A Balanced Arthroscopic Debridement of the Inner Layer of the Knee Retinaculum Increases the Tibiofemoral Joint Space Width.

Introduction: Traditional techniques can enlarge the medial tibiofemoral joint space width (JSW) for meniscal repairs, but a remnant ligament laxity may be developed. Alternatively, the debridement of the inner retinaculum layer may result in a balanced JSW without causing extra-ligament damage (retinaculum layers II and collateral ligament).

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a concentric arthroscopic debridement of the inner retinaculum layer increases the tibiofemoral JSW in patients with meniscal injuries.

Nierembergia rivularis poisoning in cattle.

Nierembergia rivularis causes enzootic calcinosis (EC) in sheep. In this work, we describe EC caused by N. rivularis in cattle.

Eimeria spp. in dairy calves in Uruguay. Identification, dynamics of oocyst excretion and association with the age of calves.

Eimeria bovis, Eimeria zuernii, Eimeria ellipsoidalis, Eimeria auburnensis, Eimeria canadensis and Eimeria alabamensis were identified on different dairy farms in Uruguay. The most prevalent species were E. bovis and E.

Endemic Xanthium strumarium poisoning in cattle in flooded areas of the Araguari River, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

In this paper, we describe poisoning outbreaks of Xanthium strumarium in cattle on the borders of the Araguari River, Southeastern Brazil. In this region, several hydroelectric plants promote transient flooding, which creates a favorable environment for the invasion of X. strumarium in extensive areas, often as the predominant species in those areas.

Osteomalacia as a result of phosphorus deficiency in beef cattle grazing subtropical native pastures in Uruguay.

We investigated 2 outbreaks of osteomalacia as a result of phosphorus (P) deficiency in herds of lactating beef cows grazing subtropical native pastures in Uruguay. Cows exhibited pica, difficulty to stand and walk, rib fractures, and body weight loss even with adequate forage availability. Osteopenia and severe osteomalacia were observed on gross and histologic examination.

Effect of pre-slaughter fasting duration on physiology, carcass and meat quality in beef cattle finished on pastures or feedlot.

Pre-slaughter fasting duration affect blood parameters related to stress and metabolism, decrease live and carcass weights and impact beef quality of cattle. In three experiments, 1100 steers and heifers, finished on feedlot or on pasture, were evaluated to assess the influence of the site and duration of fasting before slaughter on physiological, carcass and meat quality traits. Cattle were allocated to one of two fasting duration - long (23-29 h) or short (2-6 h) - and to one of two sites of fasting- farm or abattoir.

Grading fecal consistency in an omnivorous carnivore, the brown bear: Abandoning the concept of uniform feces.

Grading the fecal consistency of carnivores is a frequently used tool for monitoring gut health and overall digestion. Several fecal consistency grading systems are available for mainly felids and canids. No such system exists for the brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758).

Validity of the Genourob arthrometer in the evaluation of total thickness tears of anterior cruciate ligament.

Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the laxity with the GNRB arthrometer in subjects with anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Material And Method: A diagnostic study was performed by three operators using the Genourob arthrometer, measuring the displacement of the anterior cruciate ligament. The concordance was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient mixed effects model, Lin correlation coefficient and graphic method from Bland-Altman.

Diversity and seasonality of horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Uruguay.

Horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) cause direct and indirect losses in livestock production and are important vectors of pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity and seasonality of horse fly species at an experimental farm in Tacuarembó and the diversity of species in different departments of Uruguay. For 20 months, systematic collections were performed in two different environments at the experimental farm using Nzi and Malaise traps.

Resistance to Haemonchus contortus in Corriedale sheep is associated to high parasite-specific IgA titer and a systemic Th2 immune response.

Gastrointestinal nematode infections, including Haemonchus contortus, are one of the main causes of economic losses to ovine farmers worldwide. In order to contribute to the control of nematode infections and avoid parasite spreading we generated divergent resistant and susceptible sheep breeds and evaluated the adaptive immunity of these animals developed upon experimental infection against H. contortus.

Demand and Supply Motivations for Antiretroviral Drugs in Illicit Street Markets: The Case of Atlanta, Georgia.

We studied the motivations behind supply and demand of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in the illicit street markets of the metropolitan statistical area of Atlanta, Sandy Springs, and Roswell, Georgia. We found that these two market actions were largely interdependent: 39.53% of participants said that they sold their ARVs to pay for personal needs, and 20.