Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the elderly: 5-Year follow-up study.

Background: Older adults remain active for longer and continue sports and activities that require rotation on one leg later in life. The rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears is therefore increasing in those over 40 years old, with an associated increase in the rate of surgical reconstruction (ACLR), but there is limited literature on its effectiveness. Our aim was to compare the outcomes of elderly patients who have undergone ACLR with those of a younger group of patients.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in platelets from severe trauma patients - A prospective case-control study.

Introduction: Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) refers to an abnormal coagulation process, an imbalance between coagulation and fibrinolysis due to several pathological factors, such as haemorrhage and tissue injury. Platelet activation and subsequent clot formation are associated with mitochondrial activity, suggesting a possible role for mitochondria in TIC. Comprehensive studies of mitochondrial dysfunction in platelets from severe trauma patients have not yet been performed.

Could exhaled methane be used as a possible indicator for hemodynamic changes in trauma induced hemorrhagic shock? Scientific basis supported by a case study.

Introduction: Identification of severe blood loss and hemorrhagic shock in polytrauma patients poses a key challenge for trauma teams across the world, as there are just a few objective parameters, on which clinicians can rely. We investigated the relationship between exhaled air methane (CH) concentration and blood loss in a polytrauma patient. Decreased blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is one of the first compensatory responses to blood loss.

Comparison of Flow Reduction Efficacy of Nominal and Oversized Flow Diverters Using a Novel Measurement-assisted in Silico Method.

Purpose: The high efficacy of flow diverters (FD) in the case of wide-neck aneurysms is well demonstrated, yet new challenges have arisen because of reported posttreatment failures and the growing number of new generation of devices. Our aim is to present a measurement-supported in silico workflow that automates the virtual deployment and subsequent hemodynamic analysis of FDs. In this work, the objective is to analyze the effects of FD deployment variability of two manufacturers on posttreatment flow reduction.

De novo steroidogenesis in tumor cells drives bone metastasis and osteoclastogenesis.

Osteoclasts play a central role in cancer-cell-induced osteolysis, but the molecular mechanisms of osteoclast activation during bone metastasis formation are incompletely understood. By performing RNA sequencing on a mouse breast carcinoma cell line with higher bone-metastatic potential, here we identify the enzyme CYP11A1 strongly upregulated in osteotropic tumor cells. Genetic deletion of Cyp11a1 in tumor cells leads to a decreased number of bone metastases but does not alter primary tumor growth and lung metastasis formation in mice.

Local Effects of Steroid Hormones within the Bone Microenvironment.

Steroid hormone production via the adrenal cortex, gonads, and placenta (so-called glandular steroidogenesis) is responsible for the endocrine control of the body's homeostasis and is organized by a feedback regulatory mechanism based on the hypothalamus-pituitary-steroidogenic gland axis. On the other hand, recently discovered extraglandular steroidogenesis occurring locally in different tissues is instead linked to paracrine or autocrine signaling, and it is independent of the control by the hypothalamus and pituitary glands. Bone cells, such as bone-forming osteoblasts, osteoblast-derived osteocytes, and bone-resorbing osteoclasts, respond to steroid hormones produced by both glandular and extraglandular steroidogenesis.

Memory-friendly fixed-point iteration method for nonlinear surface mode oscillations of acoustically driven bubbles: from the perspective of high-performance GPU programming.

A fixed-point iteration technique is presented to handle the implicit nature of the governing equations of nonlinear surface mode oscillations of acoustically excited microbubbles. The model is adopted from the theoretical work of Shaw [1], where the dynamics of the mean bubble radius and the surface modes are bi-directionally coupled via nonlinear terms. The model comprises a set of second-order ordinary differential equations.

Impairment of Mesenteric Perfusion as a Marker of Major Bleeding in Trauma Patients.

The majority of potentially preventable mortality in trauma patients is related to bleeding; therefore, early recognition and effective treatment of hemorrhagic shock impose a cardinal challenge for trauma teams worldwide. The reduction in mesenteric perfusion (MP) is among the first compensatory responses to blood loss; however, there is no adequate tool for splanchnic hemodynamic monitoring in emergency patient care. In this narrative review, (i) methods based on flowmetry, CT imaging, video microscopy (VM), measurement of laboratory markers, spectroscopy, and tissue capnometry were critically analyzed with respect to their accessibility, and applicability, sensitivity, and specificity.

Design space exploration of flow diverter hydraulic resistance parameters in sidewall intracranial aneurysms.

Intracranial aneurysms are nowadays treated with endovascular flow diverter devices to avoid sac rupture. This study explores how different linear and quadratic hydrodynamic resistance parameters reduce the flow in the sac for five patient-specific sidewall aneurysms.The 125 performed blood flow simulations included the stents using a Darcy-Forcheimer porous layer approach based on real-life stent characteristics.

A global phylogenomic analysis of the shiitake genus .

is a broadly distributed group of fungi that contains the cultivated shiitake mushroom, . We sequenced 24 genomes representing eight described species and several unnamed lineages of from 15 countries on four continents. comprises four major clades that arose in the Oligocene, three in the Americas and one in Asia-Australasia.

Methane Admixture Protects Liver Mitochondria and Improves Graft Function after Static Cold Storage and Reperfusion.

Mitochondria are targets of cold ischemia-reperfusion (IR), the major cause of cell damage during static cold preservation of liver allografts. The bioactivity of methane (CH) has recently been recognized in various hypoxic and IR conditions as having influence on many aspects of mitochondrial biology. We therefore hypothesized that cold storage of liver grafts in CH-enriched preservation solution can provide an increased defence against organ dysfunction in a preclinical rat model of liver transplantation.

Genome of Paspalum vaginatum and the role of trehalose mediated autophagy in increasing maize biomass.

A number of crop wild relatives can tolerate extreme stress to a degree outside the range observed in their domesticated relatives. However, it is unclear whether or how the molecular mechanisms employed by these species can be translated to domesticated crops. Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) is a self-incompatible and multiply stress-tolerant wild relative of maize and sorghum.

Evolution of zygomycete secretomes and the origins of terrestrial fungal ecologies.

Fungi survive in diverse ecological niches by secreting proteins and other molecules into the environment to acquire food and interact with various biotic and abiotic stressors. Fungal secretome content is, therefore, believed to be tightly linked to fungal ecologies. We sampled 132 genomes from the early-diverging terrestrial fungal lineage zygomycetes (Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota) and characterized their secretome composition.

Mitochondrial Side Effects of Surgical Prophylactic Antibiotics Ceftriaxone and Rifaximin Lead to Bowel Mucosal Damage.

Despite their clinical effectiveness, a growing body of evidence has shown that many classes of antibiotics lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. Ceftriaxone and Rifaximin are first choice perioperative antibiotics in gastrointestinal surgery targeting fundamental processes of intestinal bacteria; however, may also have negative consequences for the host cells. In this study, we investigated their direct effect on mitochondrial functions in vitro, together with their impact on ileum, colon and liver tissue.

Long-read metagenomics of soil communities reveals phylum-specific secondary metabolite dynamics.

Microbial biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding secondary metabolites are thought to impact a plethora of biologically mediated environmental processes, yet their discovery and functional characterization in natural microbiomes remains challenging. Here we describe deep long-read sequencing and assembly of metagenomes from biological soil crusts, a group of soil communities that are rich in BGCs. Taking advantage of the unusually long assemblies produced by this approach, we recovered nearly 3,000 BGCs for analysis, including 712 full-length BGCs.

Integrative genomics reveals paths to sex dimorphism in Salix purpurea L.

Sex dimorphism and gene expression were studied in developing catkins in 159 F individuals from the bioenergy crop Salix purpurea, and potential mechanisms and pathways for regulating sex development were explored. Differential expression, eQTL, bisulfite sequencing, and network analysis were used to characterize sex dimorphism, detect candidate master regulator genes, and identify pathways through which the sex determination region (SDR) may mediate sex dimorphism. Eleven genes are presented as candidates for master regulators of sex, supported by gene expression and network analyses.

Genome-scale phylogenetic analyses confirm Olpidium as the closest living zoosporic fungus to the non-flagellated, terrestrial fungi.

The zoosporic obligate endoparasites, Olpidium, hold a pivotal position to the reconstruction of the flagellum loss in fungi, one of the key morphological transitions associated with the colonization of land by the early fungi. We generated genome and transcriptome data from non-axenic zoospores of Olpidium bornovanus and used a metagenome approach to extract phylogenetically informative fungal markers. Our phylogenetic reconstruction strongly supported Olpidium as the closest zoosporic relative of the non-flagellated terrestrial fungi.

A willow sex chromosome reveals convergent evolution of complex palindromic repeats.

Background: Sex chromosomes have arisen independently in a wide variety of species, yet they share common characteristics, including the presence of suppressed recombination surrounding sex determination loci. Mammalian sex chromosomes contain multiple palindromic repeats across the non-recombining region that show sequence conservation through gene conversion and contain genes that are crucial for sexual reproduction. In plants, it is not clear if palindromic repeats play a role in maintaining sequence conservation in the absence of homologous recombination.

Comparative Genomics and Transcriptomics To Analyze Fruiting Body Development in Filamentous Ascomycetes.

Many filamentous ascomycetes develop three-dimensional fruiting bodies for production and dispersal of sexual spores. Fruiting bodies are among the most complex structures differentiated by ascomycetes; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are insufficiently understood. Previous comparative transcriptomics analyses of fruiting body development in different ascomycetes suggested that there might be a core set of genes that are transcriptionally regulated in a similar manner across species.

Investigation of inter- and intraspecies variation through genome sequencing of Aspergillus section Nigri.

Aspergillus section Nigri comprises filamentous fungi relevant to biomedicine, bioenergy, health, and biotechnology. To learn more about what genetically sets these species apart, as well as about potential applications in biotechnology and biomedicine, we sequenced 23 genomes de novo, forming a full genome compendium for the section (26 species), as well as 6 Aspergillus niger isolates. This allowed us to quantify both inter- and intraspecies genomic variation.

Broad Genomic Sampling Reveals a Smut Pathogenic Ancestry of the Fungal Clade Ustilaginomycotina.

Ustilaginomycotina is home to a broad array of fungi including important plant pathogens collectively called smut fungi. Smuts are biotrophs that produce characteristic perennating propagules called teliospores, one of which, Ustilago maydis, is a model genetic organism. Broad exploration of smut biology has been hampered by limited phylogenetic resolution of Ustilaginiomycotina as well as an overall lack of genomic data for members of this subphylum.