Synergism of taxol and gallium nitrate in human breast carcinoma cells: schedule dependency.

Since Taxol (paclitaxel, NSC-125973) arrests cells in mitosis and gallium nitrate (NSC-15200) inhibits cell replication in the S phase, and the two drugs have different biochemical targets, we tested the hypothesis that the combination of these drugs may be synergistic in human breast carcinoma cells. MDA-MB-435 human breast carcinoma cells were grown in monolayer in culture. Taxol and gallium inhibited cell proliferation with IC50 = 13 nM and 180 microM, respectively.

The past unconscious and the present unconscious. A contribution to a technical frame of reference.

Difficulties inherent in the concept of the unconscious are considered, and a formulation is proposed as a contribution to the theory of psychoanalytic technique. The concepts of the past unconscious and the present unconscious are described, each having its own type of functional organization. The past unconscious can be regarded as acting like a dynamic "template," a structuring organization that gives form to current wishes or wishful fantasies, which are then further modified in the present unconscious before gaining access to consciousness.

Academic confessions of high school students: an analysis of adolescents' developmental concerns.

30 normally achieving and 24 high school students with learning disabilities from one public high school were enrolled in an exploratory study of adolescents' perceptions of their learning difficulties. Adolescents completed a structured interview based on metacognitive and information-processing theories. Items on which subjects reported the most substantial problems related mainly to attention and organization.

Acute thrombocytopenic purpura in relation to the use of drugs.

The relation of acute thrombocytopenic purpura (TP) to the use of drugs was investigated in a case-control study conducted in eastern Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and the Philadelphia region; 62 cases over the age of 16 years with acute onset and with a rapid recovery were compared with 2,625 hospital controls. After control for confounding by multiple logistic regression, use of the following drugs in the week before the onset of symptoms was significantly associated: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (relative risk [RR] estimate, 124), quinidine/quinine (101), dipyridamole (14), sulfonylureas (4.8), and salicylates (2.

Functional and morphological characteristics of neuronal substance P in the canine gastroesophageal junction.

The specific functions of the numerous substance P (SP) nerve fibers present within the gastrointestinal tract are not clearly defined. This study examines both functional aspects and distribution of immunoreactive SP (IR-SP) in the canine gastroesophageal junctional (GEJ) region. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse rate (PR), and respiratory rate (RR) were monitored before and after topical application of 2 ml capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) to the distal esophageal mucosa of anesthetized dogs.

Neuroregulation of a chemosensitive afferent system in the canine distal esophagus.

Systemic and local responses mediated by chemonociceptive receptors located in the mucosa of the canine distal esophagus were examined following stimulation with capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide). The neural pathways and neurotransmitters mediating these sensory responses were also investigated. Topical application of capsaicin solution to the distal esophageal mucosa produced significant increases in lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse rate (PR), and respiratory rate (RR) (P < 0.

Repression of bovine papillomavirus type 1 transcription by the E1 replication protein.

Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) is the prototype virus for the study of papillomavirus gene regulation. The functions of the BPV-1 E2 proteins in transcriptional regulation have been well characterized. The BPV-1 E1 protein is required for viral DNA replication and can bind to the origin of replication alone or in a complex with the E2 transactivator protein.

Regulation of distal esophageal mucosal blood flow: the roles of nitric oxide and substance P.

Background: An increase in esophageal mucosal blood flow (MBF) may be an important protective mechanism against mucosal injury from noxious agents that are ingested or refluxed. This study investigated the changes in MBF and the regulation thereof after intraluminal application of noxious chemical stimuli. The role, if any, of substance P (SP) and nitric oxide (NO), two potent vasodilatory substances, and the vascular distribution of SP in the distal esophagus were evaluated.

Talkative children: verbal fluency as a marker for problematic peer relationships in clinic-referred children with attention deficits.

The relationships between attention deficits, hyperactivity, neurodevelopmental performance, and problematic peer relationships were examined in 99 consecutive children (ages 9 to 11 years) referred for school problems to a clinic. Using a teachers' rating scale, 32 children with cognitive inattention and a comparison group of 67 children without cognitive inattention were identified. The former group comprised children who met criteria for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Supplemental oxygen does not reduce myocardial ischemia in premedicated patients with critical coronary artery disease.

This randomized, prospective clinical study investigated the effects of supplemental inspired oxygen on arterial hemoglobin desaturation and myocardial ischemia in premedicated patients who have critical coronary artery stenosis, identified predictors for these adverse events, and examined the temporal relationship between hemoglobin desaturation and myocardial ischemia. Before elective coronary artery bypass surgery, 104 patients were monitored continuously by using a real-time electrocardiogram (V4 and V5 leads) recorder and a digital pulse oximeter. After a 2-h baseline monitoring period (Interval A), patients were given sublingual lorazepam 0.

Role of computed tomography in the staging of primary melanoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of body computed tomography (CT) for the staging of patients with early melanoma.

Patients And Methods: A total of 151 new patients with American Joint Committee (AJC) clinical stage I, II, and III melanoma who received a CT scan of at least the chest and abdomen are the subject of this study. CT scans considered suspicious for metastases were reviewed again by one of the investigators (A.

Apical dye penetration with four root canal sealers and gutta-percha using longitudinal sectioning.

The purpose of this study was to compare the level of apical dye penetration when different sealers were used with lateral condensation of gutta-percha. Fifty teeth with single root canals were biomechanically prepared using the step-back technique and irrigation with 15% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid with cetrimide and 1% NaOCl solutions. The teeth were divided into five groups of 10 teeth each.

A randomized, double-blind comparison of lumbar epidural and intravenous fentanyl infusions for postthoracotomy pain relief. Analgesic, pharmacokinetic, and respiratory effects.

Although epidural opioids frequently are used to provide postoperative analgesia, several articles have suggested that the analgesia after epidural fentanyl is similar to that after an equal dose of fentanyl given intravenously. To address this issue further, 29 postthoracotomy patients were studied in a randomized, double-blinded trial comparing a lumbar epidural fentanyl infusion with an intravenous fentanyl infusion for analgesia, plasma fentanyl pharmacokinetics, and respiratory effects for 20 h postoperatively. In all patients in both groups, good analgesia was achieved (pain score less than 3, maximum 10) over a similar time course, although the patients receiving epidural infusion required a significantly larger fentanyl infusion dose than did the patients receiving intravenous infusion (group receiving epidural fentanyl infusion: 1.

Preemptive analgesia. Clinical evidence of neuroplasticity contributing to postoperative pain.

Recent evidence suggests that surgical incision and other noxious perioperative events may induce prolonged changes in central neural function that later contribute to postoperative pain. The present study tested the hypothesis that patients receiving epidural fentanyl before incision would have less pain and need fewer analgesics post-operatively than patients receiving the same dose of epidural fentanyl after incision. Thirty patients (ASA physical status 2) scheduled for elective thoracic surgery through a posterolateral thoracotomy incision were randomized to one of two groups of equal size and prospectively studied in a double-blind manner.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation and excessive fibrinolysis in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer. Response to epsilon-aminocaproic acid.

Background: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and primary fibrinolysis have both been reported in association with prostate carcinoma. The correct diagnosis of the coagulopathy can be difficult and the appropriate management controversial.

Methods: A case is presented of a man in whom DIC and soft tissue hemorrhage developed after prostatic biopsy.

Use of end-tidal PCO2 and transcutaneous PCO2 as noninvasive measurement of arterial PCO2 in extubated patients recovering from general anesthesia.

This study was designed to assess the accuracy of end-tidal PCO2 and transcutaneous PCO2 as measurements of arterial PCO2 in extubated, spontaneously breathing patients recovering from general anesthesia. In 30 patients, measurement of arterial transcutaneous, and end-tidal PCO2 were taken simultaneously with body temperature approximately every 15 minutes over a 2-hour period. Arterial PCO2 values were corrected for body temperature.

A study of the cognitive aspects of sexual decision making in adolescent females.

A comprehensive sexuality questionnaire was administered to 37 females, ages 13 through 16 years, who attended clinics for routine health care. Subjects completed standardized scales of self-concept, locus of control, and future orientation. They also were given a short battery of standardized cognitive tests.

Transdermal fentanyl: acute analgesic clinical studies.

The transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) is a novel technique of drug administration that can mimic long-term continuous intravenous infusions in maintaining stable drug plasma concentrations. Fentanyl, a potent lipid-soluble synthetic opioid, has been incorporated into such a system and has undergone preliminary clinical trials in postoperative patient populations to assess analgesic efficacy and incidence of undesirable side effects (pruritus, nausea and vomiting, urinary retention, respiratory depression). In general, when applied 2 hr preoperatively, a TTS (fentanyl) patch (in different doses) provides moderate-to-good analgesia for a variety of surgical procedures for periods of up to 3 days.